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英媒:全球昆虫或在100年内灭绝 将导致生态灾难

2019-02-12 15:19:40   参考消息 

原标题:英媒:全球昆虫或在100年内灭绝 将导致生态灾难

参考消息网2月12日报道 英媒称,有关昆虫数量的首份全球性科学综述说,地球上的昆虫正在快速走向灭绝之路,这可能导致“自然生态系统的灾难性崩溃”。这项分析发现,超过40%的昆虫物种在衰落,三分之一的昆虫物种则处于濒危状态。昆虫灭绝的速度是哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物灭绝速度的8倍。现存最确切的数据显示,全世界昆虫的总质量正以每年2.5%的速度下降,这意味着,它们可能在一个世纪的时间内消失。

英国《卫报》网站2月10日报道称,地球历史上第六次物种大灭绝即将开始。已有报告说,比较容易研究的较大型的动物出现了大量死亡。迄今为止,昆虫是最多样化和数量最多的动物。研究人员说,它们是其他生物的食物、传粉者和营养物质回收者,对所有生态系统的正常运作来说都是“至关重要的”。

报道称,德国和波多黎各近期已经报告了昆虫数量锐减的情况。而这项综述有力地表明,这场危机是全球性的。研究人员以对于接受同行评议的科学论文而言不同寻常的强烈语言陈述了他们的结论:“(昆虫的)各种趋势证实,第六次大灭绝将深刻地影响地球上的生命形式。”

这项分析发表在英国《生物保存》季刊上。它说,集约农业——尤其杀虫剂的大量使用——是昆虫减少的主要推手。城市化和气候变暖也是重要因素。

澳大利亚悉尼大学的弗朗西斯科·桑切斯-巴约说:“如果昆虫物种的灭绝无法阻止,这将对地球的生态系统和人类的生存造成灾难性后果。”

桑切斯-巴约说,在过去的25到30年中,每年2.5%的消失速度是“令人震惊的”。他说:“这非常快。10年后就会灭绝四分之一。50年后只剩一半。100年后就全部灭绝了。

桑切斯-巴约说:“昆虫物种衰落的主要原因是农业的集约化。”他说,昆虫的消亡似乎开始于20世纪初,在上世纪五六十年代,昆虫消亡的速度加快,而在过去的20年中,昆虫的消亡达到了“令人恐慌的比例”。

他认为,过去20年采用的新型杀虫剂尤其具有破坏性,因为人们会定期使用,而其会在环境中存留很久。他说:“它们杀死了所有幼虫,使土壤中的昆虫消失得干干净净。”

桑切斯-巴约说,世界必须改变自己生产食物的方式。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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