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日版鱼鹰部署受阻 夺岛“水陆团”威胁仍不容小觑

2018-03-22 08:25:39   参考消息 

尽管V-22运输机是美军已使用多年的成熟机型,但对于日本陆自来说,关于该型机的使用经验是“零小时”,很难保证将来在投入使用后,能在短期内做到像美军一样使用娴熟。

V-22采用的倾转旋翼技术尽管优势明显,但也存在一些问题,例如气流涡环状态和叶片失速问题,前者是会导致飞机坠毁的致命状态,而叶片失速则会增大涡环气流的强度。

V-22在降落时,它超高转速的旋翼把平稳的气流压到侧翼片的表面上,气流在侧翼叶片上被分离就形成了涡流。因为这个原因,V-22的飞行手册规定,在垂直降落的时候,飞机的下降速度不能超过每分钟800英尺(约243.8米),这种迟缓的降落速度会让V-22在着陆时成为对方防空火力的“活靶子”。

而在对方炮火攻击下,飞行员可能会下意识地加快着陆速度,这样他很有可能遇上气流涡环状态。目前美军尚未提出有效措施解决这一问题,日本自卫队在将来无疑也将面临这一难题。

▲资料图片:日本“水陆团”队员与美军气垫登陆艇联合训练。

▲资料图片:日本“水陆团”队员与美军气垫登陆艇联合训练。

理论上“水陆团”的两栖兵力投送能力已超过了美陆战队的一个远征分队(MEU)。“水陆团”原先在两栖空中支援火力方面,与美军陆战队相比,还存在较大劣势,但据《日本经济新闻》3月20日报道称,日本已计划引进20架F-35B舰载短垂隐身战机。

一旦这20架F-35B交付到位后,“水陆团”的航空突击部队理论上可向距离母舰876千米外的目标区投放80吨弹药,而在不计航程时最大投弹量甚至可达到140吨。

▲从洛马公司官方公开的F-35B作战性能看(如图所示),单架F-35B在执行空中遮断任务,携带2枚454千克级JDAM卫星制导炸弹和2枚AIM-120空空导弹(只使用内置弹舱)时,最大作战半径可达876千米,要远超采用同等载弹量的AV-8B和F-18C战机。

▲从洛马公司官方公开的F-35B作战性能看(如图所示),单架F-35B在执行空中遮断任务,携带2枚454千克级JDAM卫星制导炸弹和2枚AIM-120空空导弹(只使用内置弹舱)时,最大作战半径可达876千米,要远超采用同等载弹量的AV-8B和F-18C战机。

可以预见的是,这20架F-35B未来肯定会与17架日版“鱼鹰”运输机一同混编部署到2艘出云级“准航母”上,届时日本自卫队实际将完全摆脱其《和平宪法》第9条对其不能发展进攻性武器的限制,对周边国家的威胁不容小觑,值得人们高度关注。

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