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英媒称IS头目巴格达迪仍存活 美悬赏2500万追杀6年

2017-09-12 03:15:46   参考消息网

“伊斯兰国”成立

小小的一方伊拉克渐渐已不能满足巴格达迪日益膨胀的野心,2013年时他宣布成立“伊拉克与黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIL,也称ISIS),进入已深陷内战泥潭的叙利亚。随后“伊斯兰国”与参与叙利亚内战的恐怖组织“征服沙姆阵线”合并,此举招致了基地组织头目扎瓦希里的反对。扎瓦希里认为巴格达迪所做的事已经僭越其在“基地”组织的职务本分,因而要求他废止“伊斯兰国”并回伊拉克继续经营“基地”组织分支。

2001年的本·拉登与扎瓦希里

巴格达迪自然不会买账,他索性宣布从“基地”组织分离出来自立一派。随后巴格达迪开始招兵买马,利用伊拉克逊尼派民众对什叶派政府的不满,招纳大量逊尼派武装分子进入“伊斯兰国”,还吸收了许多前萨达姆时期的伊拉克共和国卫队军人,实力大增,此外“伊斯兰国”还控制了“征服沙姆阵线”80%的外国“圣战者”兵力。有了如此强大的实力,“伊斯兰国”在2014年3月挥师攻下叙利亚东部最大城市拉卡,并将其作为“伊斯兰国”的“首都”。“伊斯兰国”从此不再仅靠恐怖袭击扩大影响力,正面作战也成了其抢地盘的重要手段。

2014年7月14日叙利亚内战形势,红色为叙利亚政府军控制,绿色为叙利亚反对派控制,黄色为库尔德人控制,黑色为“伊斯兰国”控制

有了足够的地盘与影响力,巴格达迪准备更进一步确立自己的领导地位,而这领导地位不仅是在中东的,更是在伊斯兰世界的。2014年6月29日,巴格达迪宣布建立一个世界性的“哈里发国”(“哈里发”为阿拉伯语音译,其完整含义为真主使者的继承者,拥有政治与宗教的双重领袖地位),而自己则是这个新“国家”的“哈里发”,拥有对全世界穆斯林的领导权,由此巴格达迪将奥斯曼帝国覆亡后被废止的“哈里发国”政教合一制度再次带回了中东大地。

巴格达迪在摩苏尔努尔清真寺宣布自己为“伊斯兰国”的哈里发

巴格达迪妄称“哈里发”的行为招致了中东各国政府、其他“圣战”团体以及伊斯兰教逊尼派神学家与历史学家的猛烈抨击,不过巴格达迪借此博人眼球的目的也达到了,他乘机发布了一张“伊斯兰国”领土远景图,吸引各国“圣战者”加入其麾下。在加入“伊斯兰国”的外国人中,有5000多名突尼斯人、2500多名沙特阿拉伯人、2400名俄罗斯人、2000名法国人、2000名约旦人、1500名摩洛哥人、1400名土耳其人以及2000多名其他国家的“圣战者”。同时,巴格达迪和“伊斯兰国”也获得了沙特阿拉伯与卡塔尔公民的私人财政资助,并且通过他们在世界各地招募“圣战者”为其效命。

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