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巴印军队再度交火 印方称已致1名印度士兵身亡(图)
2017-07-16 18:40:45 央视新闻客户端
根据蒙巴顿方案,英属印度按居民的宗教信仰分为印度和巴基斯坦两个自治领,印度教徒居多数的地区划归印度,穆斯林居多数的地区划归巴基斯坦。按照蒙巴顿方案,克什米尔土邦应加入巴基斯坦,但英国考虑到克什米尔战略位置的重要性,想将它作为自己的军事基地,并以此制造印、巴纠纷,以便从中渔利,故对克什米尔的归属问题没有明确规定,只是称克什米尔可以自由选择划归印度、巴基斯坦,或宣布独立。当时,在克什米尔占多数的穆斯林居民想并入巴基斯坦,而信仰印度教的土邦大君则想并入印度。归属问题未决定,克什米尔就爆发了起义,一些地区自行宣布并入巴基斯坦。1947年10月,克什米尔大君逃出了首府斯利纳加,并请求印度出兵。大君宣布克什米尔并入印度后,印度立即向克什米尔空运部队,印巴两国为争夺克什米尔爆发了第一次战争。
1948年1月20日,安理会通过决议成立了印巴委员会,委员会通过了停火、非军事化和公民投票分阶段解决克什米尔问题的议案。印巴双方表示接受,并于1949年1月1日停火。同年7月,两国缔结了《卡拉奇协定》,划定了停火线,印度控制了当时克什米尔的3/5土地和3/4人口,巴基斯坦控制了2/5土地和1/4的人口。克什米尔被分割成了印控区和巴控区。
从1963年开始,克什米尔地区再次出现紧张局势,印巴军队在停火线附近多次交火,1965年8月,克什米尔印控区爆发了反对印度政府的武装斗争,印军队越过停火线,进入了巴控区,印巴两国为克什米尔争端又打了一仗。至1965年9月23日,在联合国及美国、苏联多方撮合下,双方宣布停火。1966年1月,印巴两国举行会谈,签署了《塔什干协定》,双方军队后撤到1965年8月5日前各自所占地区。印度和巴基斯坦在独立后爆发过三次战争,两次都是起因于克什米尔争端。双方立场始终没有改变。印度认为,克什米尔是其领土不可分割的一部分,并在它控制的地区成立了“查谟和克什米尔邦”。巴基斯坦则坚持,克什米尔的归属应遵照克什米尔人的意愿,通过公民投票解决。可以说,印巴两国政治、外交关系稍有风吹草动,克什米尔就会发生武装冲突和交火事件﹔两国外交一旦发生危机,克什米尔就会出现重兵对峙、剑拔弩张的紧张状态。(来源:环球时报)
责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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