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NASA首次捕捉到恒星变黑洞瞬间画面

2017-05-28 08:07:06   看看新闻

图:哈勃望远镜分别在2007年(左)和2015年(右)的观测图

然而所有的观测结果都是负面的。恒星已经不再在那里了。通过仔细的排除,研究人员最终得出结论,恒星一定已经变成了一个黑洞。

尽管目前想确定这个项目中恒星经历“大质量失败”的准确频率还为时过早,然而最近获得博士学位的俄亥俄州立大学的前学生斯科特o亚当斯(Scott Adams)之前就从事这方面的工作,能够给出一些初步的估计。

“在我们巡天的前七年当中,N6946-BH1是唯一一颗我们发现的失败超新星,这段时间内,在我们所监测的星系当中,我们发现了6个正常的超新星,这表明10%到30%的大质量恒星会产生失败的超新星,“他说。

“这只能解释让我们开始巡天项目问题的一小部分,也就是说,如果所有大质量恒星都死于这种方式,那么我们观察到的超新星就会比发生的少很多。

对于研究的合作者斯坦尼克(Stanek)而言,这个发现的真正有趣部分在于它对质量非常大的黑洞的起源的意义,也就是LIGO实验所探测到的产生引力波的那种黑洞。(LIGO是激光干涉仪引力波天文台的英文缩写。)

俄亥俄州立大学天文学教授斯坦尼克(Stanek)说,一颗大质量的恒星可能会经历超新星爆发(这个过程恒星会将外层大气抛掉),但仍然会有足够的质量留下来形成一个质量比较大的黑洞,尺度和LIGO探测到的那些黑洞差不多,这个听起来不一定合理。

“我怀疑如果没有超新星,那么产生一个质量比较大的黑洞就会容易地多,”他推断说。

亚当斯现在是加州理工学院的天体物理学家。其他合着者是俄亥俄州博士生吉尔o格克和俄克拉荷马大学天文学家戴新宇。他们的研究得到了美国国家科学基金会的支持。

NASA在加州帕萨迪纳的喷气推进实验室(JPL)替NASA的科学任务委员会管理斯皮策太空望远镜任务。科学运行是在加州理工的斯皮策科学中心进行的。飞行器的运行是由洛克希德o马丁空间系统公司管理的,这个公司位于科罗拉多州的利特尔顿市。数据归档任务是由位于加州理工学院的红外处理和分析中心的红外科学档案馆完成的。加州理工学院为NASA管理JPL。

大型双筒望远镜是美国、意大利和德国的机构之间的国际合作项目。

哈勃太空望远镜是美国宇航局与欧空局的国际合作项目。美国航空航天局的戈达德太空飞行中心负责管理望远镜,而位于马里兰州巴尔的摩的太空望远镜科学研究所(STScI)进行哈勃的科学运营。STScI由美国宇航局天文学研究所协会在华盛顿特区管理。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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