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美众议院通过医疗法案 以部分取代“奥巴马医改”

2017-05-05 08:08:42   央广网

人们对改革的评判更多基于切身利益。奥巴马医改不仅触犯了利益集团的神经,也没得到多数民众的支持。

“在医生眼里,奥巴马是在劫富济贫。他的医改法案让医生,特别是内科和外科医生挣钱难。”在得克萨斯州达拉斯市阿灵顿医学中心工作的内科医生闫伟说,“我现在每个月看400多名患者,干得虽多,收入却上不去。”由于新医改不允许医生拒绝不同种类保险的患者,而从奥巴马政府保险用户中得到的报销明显少于商业保险用户,之前以治疗商业保险患者为主的医生收入大幅缩水。

该法案出台前,一些自由职业者尤其年轻人是不买医疗保险的。奥巴马医改法案要求所有人都必须投保,否则面临罚款。许多人因此认为,这等于强制年轻体健者为年老体弱者埋单。

强制所有人投保,那些买不起保险的穷人怎么办?政府掏钱。政府钱从哪里来?羊毛出在羊身上。奥巴马医改法案不仅要对保险公司、药企、医疗器械商加税,而且要对年收入超过20万美元的个人或年收入超过25万美元的家庭加税。这等于让富人为穷人埋单。

可是劳动者聚集的大工会为何也抱怨?在美国,只有大规模产业中的工人才能组成有话语权的工会,他们与保险公司谈判时,拿到的折扣远优于小工会和没有工会的自由职业者。奥巴马医改将医保费用平均化,意味着大公司的保费上升。这等于让劳动者中的强势集团为弱势群体埋单。

“去年,中产家庭的医保费明显上涨。”家住纽约市罗斯福岛的彭永波一家使用的是公司提供的商业医保,险种没变,但保费提高。“以前看家庭医生自付15美元问诊费,今年涨到30美元。急诊费由30美元涨到100美元。”

中产阶级不满,失业者也不买账。新法案强制雇主为全职雇员上缴医疗保险。为此,企业更不愿意雇人,或者裁员甚至减少雇员的工作时间。这自然招致金融危机期间视温饱大于看病问题的失业者的抱怨。

“奥巴马医改是牺牲大众的效率换取小众的公平。”纽约法拉盛安心诊所医生安健强博士认为。

奥巴马医改使少数“无保族”受益,但增加了多数人的负担,对当下美国医疗体系最棘手的问题,即浪费严重、成本过高、运转低效带来的医疗费用上涨,它却不是有效的“药方”。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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