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学印度!委内瑞拉突然宣布全国一半纸币作废

2016-12-12 11:00:28   财经网

换句话来说,委内瑞拉现在已经破产了,它可能没有足够的“钱”来完成正常的经济活动。倒退回以物换物的时代,也并非哄痴人说梦,但比这更糟的是:除了已经严重贬值的石油,该国根本就无法生产其他可以交换的物资。

拥挤的银行

故事始于去年,委内瑞拉总统马杜罗试图平息不断增长的货币缺口。在十二月的选举和节假日到来之前,委内瑞拉人涌进银行提取现金,数百万美元的货币制造订单被搁置。

央行曾召开紧急会议,要求企业生产增加。这些公司答应了,事后才发现没有足够的钱去付款。

2016年3月,世界上最大的货币制造商德拉鲁致信委内瑞拉中央银行抱怨说,该国央行这次欠了7100万美元,如果钱没有到位,就将通知其他股东。这封信被泄露给了委内瑞拉新闻网站并经彭博新闻社证实。

反对派议员兼前中央银行经济研究主任若泽格拉表示,“这是历史上史无前例的,这样的高通胀国家注定是无法维持的。”去年年底,该国央行订购了面额超过100万亿玻利瓦尔的钞票,这是今年委内瑞拉经济规模的许多倍。而与之对应的是,美国的M2货币供应量也只有约17万亿美元。

世界上最高的通货膨胀

货币危机揭示了该国金融危机的大小及其补救能力的有限,该国的经济支柱——石油,正在慢慢萎靡。据国际货币基金组织称,委内瑞拉的通货膨胀是世界上最高的,预计今年物价还将上涨近500%。

货币短缺的最初迹象可以追溯到2014年,当时政府开始增加货币的出货量来维持简单的交易需求。委内瑞拉人花几个小时排队购买日用消费品,银行提款机也需要排队,从银行取钱出莱的人经常带着一背包的“战利品”吃晚餐。

委内瑞拉最大的货币面值是100玻利瓦尔,仅仅足够支付街边的一支散装香烟。

未知的领域

前货币官员称,早在2013年,中央银行就开始研究面值200和500的玻利瓦尔。尽管一再保证,但并没有下令新的文件,委内瑞拉无法完全支付供应商的所需,从而拒绝产生更大面值的货币。

公司都在放弃。往常合作伙伴不愿接受新的订单,据业内人士称,中央银行正在与别人谈判,包括俄罗斯Goznack与波士顿起重机的货币合同。

约翰霍普金斯大学的应用经济学教授史蒂夫汉克,他研究了几十年的恶性通货膨胀,他表示为了让大家在货币价格螺旋时保持信心,政府经常为货币加上零。

他说,“看到人们用大把的钱去买一个热狗,这是一个非常糟糕的现象。甚至现金经济也开始崩溃。”

责任编辑:郭丽颖 CN045
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