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外媒称TPP前途不妙 美国盟友转向“中国方案”

2016-11-18 09:18:09   参考消息网

特朗普当选新一届美国总统。新华社/路透

参考消息网11月18日报道 外媒称,饱受争议的《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)迟迟未能得到美国国会的批准,已有美国会议员表示年内不会对此进行讨论。而随着唐纳德·特朗普当选美国总统,TPP协定的前途更不妙。一些专家认为,TPP搁浅会使中国在亚太贸易中的领导地位提升。而也有人认为,以双边协定取代多边协定可能并非坏事。

据美国之音电台网站11月17日报道,TPP是美国主导的多边贸易协定的代表。这项覆盖近8亿人口和近40%全球GDP的协议如果最终获得通过,将是历史上最大的贸易协定之一。

从WTO(世界贸易组织)到TPP,多边贸易协定一直在二战后各国的经贸合作中扮演着重要角色。然而对多边贸易协定的批评也不绝于耳:附加政治条件过多,发达国家与大公司主导谈判,蓝领工作机会大量转移到落后国家,谈判过程往往旷日持久,具体执行也面临各种问题等。

报道称,相比之下,双边贸易协定往往附加条件更少,执行容易而且谈判过程“短平快”。但批评者认为,不同的双边协定之间可能互相冲突,最后加剧贸易保护主义。

中国近年来斥巨资主导和参与了诸多合作倡议,包括“一带一路”、亚投行(AIIB)、《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)等。奥巴马政府对这些倡议颇为冷淡,也曾试图阻止英国和澳大利亚等美国盟友加入亚投行。

而特朗普的高级顾问詹姆斯·伍尔西日前撰文称,奥巴马政府对亚投行的冷遇是“战略错误”,并希望特朗普政府对中国“一带一路”战略给予更多热情。

许多专家认为,TPP搁浅会使美国盟友——特别是亚洲的盟友——处于十分尴尬的境地,进而削弱美国的威信。智库国际与战略研究中心高级研究员迈尔斯·卡勒也认为,特朗普政府可能将国内问题放在贸易之前,给中国为首的其他国家主导贸易的机会。TPP搁浅也可能提升“亚太自由贸易区”(FTAAP)等协定的影响力,而中国一直是亚太自由贸易区的坚定支持者。

但也有人认为,在当前全球化受阻的背景下,暂停TPP也许并非坏事。巴西驻美大使塞尔吉奥·阿马拉尔说,TPP搁浅后,美洲既有的其他贸易协定也可能受到影响。但他同时认为,“即使没有TPP,中国也不一定对贸易伙伴施压。而且现在的状况是,如果不降低期待,可能任何贸易协定都无法成事。”

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