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问鼎白宫之路,谁拿了谁的钱?

2016-11-01 18:50:00   人民日报全媒体平台

“要赢得选举,需要两个东西,一是金钱,第二个我就记不得了。”

每一轮美国总统大选,100多年前竞选专家马克汉纳的话总会被媒体反复引用。1757年,国父乔治华盛顿带着29加仑朗姆酒、50加仑朗姆饮料、34加仑葡萄酒、46加仑啤酒和2加仑苹果酒竞选弗吉尼亚地区议员的典故,也会被人不失时机地重炒一遍。

2016年,特朗普的崛起猝不及防,让这届大选看上去很不一样。但就选举“吸金”指数看,固定戏码却仍然还在。传统“金钱选区”依旧傲视各州,超级政治行动委员会(Super PACs)为富豪提供撒钱利器,克林顿夫妇苦心经营40年的筹款网络大显身手,“自己买单”的特朗普却被曝靠参选赚钱……各路资金苦苦寻找各种合法渠道渗入政治网络,掀起了一场场狂欢。

4月美国“民主之春”运动抗议政治献金问题

谁知道一共筹了多少钱?

美国总统大选历来是“候选人导向”而非“政党导向”,因此通过广告与造势活动提升人气,成为竞选人参与游戏必须迈过的一道门槛。换句话说,没有钱是不行的。

举个例子,早在2015年正式宣布参选前几周,克林顿就已经开始筹划募资,当时共和党候选人杰布布什强大的吸金能力还一度让克林顿团队深感不安。时至今日,克林顿早已在筹钱方面后来居上,且大幅领先共和党对手特朗普,因此在广告投放上也甩了后者好几条街。据“媒体观察”组织统计,截至9月底,克林顿的电视广告达到12812条,特朗普只有1378条。当然,特朗普靠不断抛出争议性说法,免费赚取关注,这就另当别论了。

希拉里出席造势活动

随着11月8日投票日日益临近,这轮美国大选的各项吸金指数也一路走高。

据美国联邦选举委员会(注:美国政府下属独立机构,负责实施和执行《联邦竞选法》和《岁入法案》)最新披露的数据,此轮大选所有竞选人筹集的资金已经达到13亿美元,民主、共和两党竞选人分别筹得了7.335亿、5.516亿美元。克林顿和特朗普作为两党最后的较量者则占据了大头,分别筹得4.978亿美元、2.475亿美元。

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