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亚洲鲤鱼霸占美国水域 美科学家多种方法阻止入侵

2016-08-28 13:47:17   参考消息

参考消息网8月28日报道 美媒称,不到半个世纪,亚洲鲤鱼就从美国水域中的无名之辈发展到在伊利诺伊河和密西西比河一些水域的生物数量中所占比例高达90%的程度。消灭这种入侵物种没有锦囊妙计。不过10年来阻止亚洲鲤鱼进入北美洲五大湖的努力可能会有成效。

美国《芝加哥论坛报》网站8月22日报道,研究人员采用了多种手段,从电子屏障到噪音炮以及用二氧化碳做的“围栏”,希望以此围堵亚洲鲤鱼。明年夏季,其中一些新手段将完成最后的测试。

报道称,美国地质勘探局上中西部环境科学中心研究鱼类的生物学家乔恩·安伯格说,多管齐下离解决问题最近。他说:“其中之一可能90%有效,不过如果其中五个都90%有效,就非常接近100%。”

专家们说,在伊利诺伊州长达4.4万英里的河流中没有亚洲鲤鱼的水域寥寥无几。联邦机构估计,仅伊利诺伊河下游就有310万磅亚洲鲤鱼。这些数字也表明近年来亚洲鲤鱼在继续向上游挺进。

地区自然资源专家们每年花费四五千万美元寻找阻止亚洲鲤鱼进入五大湖的解决办法,五大湖已经有186种入侵物种,比如海八目鳗和斑马纹贻贝。他们说,从那里几乎无法阻止它们进入和独占美国威斯康星州、密歇根州、印第安纳州和加拿大大大小小的河流。

伊利诺伊州自然资源局的资深生物学家和鱼类主管丹·斯蒂芬森说,其中有些举措已经挡住了那一物种的先头部队。

报道称,40年,亚洲鲤鱼首次引入南方,以清理鲶鱼塘的水藻。然而这种鱼繁殖能力惊人,几乎没有天敌,往往吃掉大量的浮游生物,使得当地鱼类因饥饿而减少。它们的入侵除了带来生态风险,还会构成经济风险,因为如果它们一路游到五大湖,可能导致旅游和休闲产业的收入减少。

拦截亚洲鲤鱼同样可能损害航运产业,除非研究人员找到一个办法在拦截这种鱼的同时使河流和运河与密歇根湖依然互联互通,畅通无阻。符合这些要求的一个办法是,在水道底部安装电极,形成一个电场将鱼击退或击昏。

报道称,2002年美国陆军工程兵在芝加哥运河启用了第一个这样的电子屏障,现在已有3个投入使用。到2017年,电子屏障的最后一部分将安装完毕。据陆军工程兵芝加哥地区的指挥官克里斯·德鲁说,作为基本的威慑,电子屏障非常有效。然而工程兵还需要解决一些潜在的缺陷:比如对于小鱼来说,电压不够强,而且驳船通过可能将鱼带过电子屏障。

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