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美国死亡率10年来首度上升 人口增长压力持续

2016-06-04 09:50:55   中国网

中新社休斯敦6月2日电美国最新公布的联邦数据显示,2015年全美死亡率为每10万人729.5,自2005年以来首次上升。而去年美国的新生儿出生率却比之前一年下降了0.3%,使得人口增长压力持续。

美国国家卫生统计中心(NCHS)1日公布数据,2015年全美死亡率为每10万人729.5,相比2014年的每10万人723.2有所上升。尽管上升比例不高,但过去10年间,美国的死亡率一直在下降,因此去年出现的上升趋势格外引人注意。

报告指出,“我们观察到,本报告中的死亡原因,包括阿尔茨海默病、慢性肝病及肝硬化、慢性下呼吸道疾病、高血压、帕金森病、败血症、自杀、谋杀、和枪支有关的伤害,以及其他意外伤害和服药过量,均在2014年和2015年之间有所增加。”

《纽约时报》报道说,死亡率增高主要与用药过量、自杀和阿尔茨海默病比率升高有关。其中白人死亡率和自杀比例都达到了30年内的新高。但其究竟意味着什么?NCHS专家安德森(Robert Anderson)指出,“这是通常不会发生的死亡率上升,因此非常重要。但究其意义,还需要更多数据,如果2016年持续上涨,我们将会有更多关注。”

美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)2日发布数据,显示2015年美国有398万新生儿出生,比上一年同期下降了0.3%。其中15至19岁青少年的生子比率相比1991年时的高峰期急剧下降了64%。20多岁妇女2015年生育率下降,主要为白人妇女,黑人女性持平,西班牙裔妇女则有所增加。

2007年开始的经济衰退,使得美国生育放缓,尽管人们正逐渐从那个时期恢复过来,但人口学家仍然对美国出生人口总数低于他们的预期而担心。

“我们正处在人口增长缓慢期,”皮尤研究中心的资深人口统计学家帕赛尔(Jeffrey Passel)对《华尔街日报》说,“为了保持劳动力增长,美国需要相当数量健康的移民。”

美国死亡率在2005、1999和1993年都有过上升。最近一次完整和全面的美国人死亡分析报告来自2013年,当年全美有260万人死亡,不考虑年龄因素的死亡率为每10万人821.5,平均预期寿命78.8岁。(完)

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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