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越南扬言用这款导弹能拦截歼10歼11 其实已过时50年

2016-05-18 17:38:32   新华网


资料图:越军装备的老式萨姆-3防空导弹。

越南媒体5月11日爆出一条“劲爆”消息,称其防空部队目前约有30个营装备俄制的S-125-2TM导弹,并称依靠这种导弹与俄制S-75、S-300构成了越军的“强大”防空网,“能有效拦截中国苏-30、歼-10A/B、歼-11B/D战机,使得中国反辐射导弹无法使用,武直-10不能实施近距攻击。”那么真实情况到底如何,本文解读。

S-300大家常听到,那这S-125-2TM是什么东东?S-75又是何方神圣?其实,这俩货都是“老相识”。S-125是俄文的编号,按照西方的序列其代号是SA-3,也就是俗称的萨姆-3,代号“果阿”。没错,就是该型导弹,1999年在科索沃战争中击落美国F-117隐身战斗轰炸机。不过,当时南斯拉夫联盟使用的是捷克制造的P-18远距离搜索雷达(也是一种老产品),采用的是游击防空战术(突然开机、打完就关机,怕美国的反辐射导弹)。所以说,击落F-117“夜鹰”的功劳还不能全算到萨姆-3头上。

至于S-75,则是一种更老的产品——萨姆-2防空导弹,西方代号“导线”,俄罗斯代号是“德维纳河”。这是苏联第一代防空导弹,也是第一种野战地空防御系统的核心装备。不过,S-75确实老了点。在中国,其改进型号被称为“红旗-2”。中国军队1959年用这种导弹打下美制RB-57D的时候,越南可能还不知道萨姆-2为何物呢。直到1965年7月24日,美空军一架F-4C战机被越军发射的SA-2导弹击落,标志着此前一边倒的美军空袭行动的优势局面发生逆转。

然而越南媒体似乎不管这个,其称“越军装备的升级版S-125-2TM是相关制造商对S-125M改进项目的最新成果,导弹的毁伤性、抗电子干扰能力得到提高,机动性更强。”另外,越媒称其制造商是一家白俄罗斯军工企业,经查就是杰特拉埃德尔科学生产联合体(Tetraedr)。2011年,这家公司派出大批技术人员赶赴越南,帮助后者将该国装备的大批(约40个营)S-125导弹升级改进为S-125-2TM。

越媒称,该型导弹目标探测距离达100千米,最大探测高度25千米,打击距离35千米,抗干扰能力达到2.7千瓦/兆赫,作战部署时间缩短至20分钟。这些数据显然来自苏俄早期的宣传册,还是亚洲版本。在对波兰等东欧国家的数据,探测高度这一项,变成了18千米。看来,对于更懂行的欧洲人,数据也保守一些。

至于越方声称“对战斗机杀伤概率85%至96%、对直升机杀伤概率从40%提高至80%、对巡航导弹杀伤概率从30%提高至85%”,也是噱头。简单说,防空领域的作战规则是:为了保证毁伤,通常采用“双弹单目标”的拦截机制。提高命中率,多发射导弹也可以。而且,越方的数据瑕疵太明显。尤其是拦截战斗机一项,居然把俄方宣传册里“果阿”的数据(85%)和S-300的数据(96%)拼在一起。当然,对于1961年服役的苏联第二代防空导弹“果阿”老爷爷来说,这种“化妆”的确能让其显得年轻

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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