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美军下一代轰炸机方案确定 美媒直言就为炸中国

2016-03-24 08:39:02   中青在线

B-21轰炸机

2月26日,在美国空军协会举办的2016年度空中战争讨论会上,美国空军部长博拉德·李·詹姆斯首次正式公布了美军下一代轰炸机项目——远程打击轰炸机(LRS-B)的最终方案,并将其命名为“B-21”。同时,美国空军展示了该型远程打击轰炸机的概念图,美军的下一代轰炸机采用了诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司的设计方案。“B-21”是美国进入21世纪以后研制的第一款轰炸机,它集中体现了美军对下一代轰炸机的战略考量。

价格因素是导致美军下一代轰炸机迟迟不能确定的重要原因

实际上,美国空军对下一代轰炸机酝酿已久。早在1999年,美国空军就公布了“轰炸机路线图”,计划于2019年开始下一代轰炸机的研制工作,并将其服役时间定在了2037年。然而,并没有等到2019年,美国空军就启动了下一代轰炸机的研发。特别是“9·11”事件后,阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争使得大载荷、能投放精确制导武器的远程轰炸机的价值更加凸显。2005年,美国空军提出加速发展轰炸机现代化项目,并采取两条腿走路的发展方式,即一方面研发能够在2015年前部署的过渡轰炸机,另一方面研制在2025~2030年间可使用的下一代远程打击系统。

但是,由于选择太多和定位不明确,美军对发展下一代轰炸机始终有些犹豫不决。2006年,美国国会预算办公室对国防部考察的8种远程打击系统方案进行了详细的对比分析。这8种方案包括可携带超声速导弹的C-17“武器库”飞机、中程亚声速隐身轰炸机、中程超声速冲刺隐身轰炸机、远程亚声速隐身轰炸机、远程超声速巡航轰炸机、中程陆基通用航空器、远程陆基通用航空器和天基通用航空器。备选方案这么多,由此可以看出,美军在选择上的纠结。

此后,美国国防部在2006年发布的《四年防务报告》中将下一代轰炸机的服役期限提前了约20年,改称为“2018年轰炸机”。2007年5月,美国空军公布了“2018年轰炸机”的主要性能,包括能装载6.4~12.8吨武器,具备亚声速飞行能力,作战半径不低于3200公里,具有全方位隐身能力,且能够携带常规及核武器,可以选择有人或无人驾驶。

然而2009年,时任美国国防部长罗伯特·盖茨下令空军终止此项目,重新确定需求。直到2011年,美国空军提出“系统族”的思想和解决方案之后,新的下一代轰炸机研发项目才获批。2014年,美国空军宣布将在2015~2019财年为“远程打击轰炸机”(LRS-B)项目申请114亿美元的预算,这表明该项目进入实质性研发阶段。

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