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美洲寨卡病毒肆虐 巴西奥运会蒙阴影

2016-01-29 08:25:44   北京晨报

寨卡

寨卡病毒由蚊子叮咬传播,被认为会干扰胎儿神经系统发育,导致胎儿流产、新生儿小头畸形甚至死亡。这种病毒虽对普通人群威胁不大,但对孕妇威胁极大,被认为是导致巴西近期新生儿小头症激增的主要诱因。

症状

约75%至80%的被感染者会出现发烧、头痛、关节痛及皮疹等症状,而皮疹是最显著特征。症状通常不到一周即可消失。眼下,医学界并没有针对寨卡病毒的疫苗和有效疗法。

影响

在疫情最为严重的巴西,去年10月以来报告了4180例疑似小头症患者,其中49名患者死亡。迄今,大约20个拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区国家出现寨卡病毒感染病例,美国的佛罗里达、夏威夷和纽约州也已发现从上述地区返回并确诊的病例。在哥伦比亚,卫生部门证实1.64万人感染寨卡病毒,其中1090人为孕妇。

 寨卡离我们有多远

问:寨卡病毒威胁多大?

答:世卫组织发言人林德梅尔介绍说,寨卡病毒通过伊蚊叮咬传播,这种蚊子还会传播登革热、基孔肯亚热病和黄肝病;但相对于其他疾病,寨卡病毒感染的症状相对温和。

问:“推迟怀孕”是否科学?

答:世卫组织表示,目前最危险的是寨卡病毒和新生儿小头症之间的联系,但目前只能确定两者之间的间接联系。美国乔治敦大学高级研究员丹尼尔·卢西表示,“现阶段,我的确认为那些有很多寨卡病例的国家有关暂缓怀孕的建议是合理的。”

问:还能去巴西看奥运吗?

答:目前,巴西政府已宣布将派出20万名军人在全国发放预防寨卡病毒的灭蚊传单和配药处方。里约热内卢市政府也已发布声明称,在奥运会开幕前一个月,专业团队将进驻比赛场馆清除一切可能的蚊子滋生地;此外,里约位于南半球,8月举行奥运会时正值冬季,气候相对凉爽,不利于蚊虫滋生。

问:亚洲有危险吗?

答:对包括中国在内的亚洲国家而言,寨卡病毒并不陌生,它在东南亚一些国家已存在多年。1月19日,中国台湾报告一例寨卡病毒感染者,这名男子来自泰国,而不是拉美。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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