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低油价导致沙特2015年财政赤字近千亿美元

2015-12-30 08:51:26   国际在线

原标题:低油价导致沙特2015年财政赤字近千亿美元国内开始削减能源补贴

国际在线消息(记者王昆鹏):世界最大的石油出口国沙特阿拉伯本周公布的数据显示,受持续下跌一年多的国际油价影响,2015年沙特石油收入所占比重下降明显,而且财政赤字高达979亿美元。为了节约开支,沙特开始削减部分能源补贴,并减少不必要的建设项目。

目前的国际油价已经是近11年来的最低,作为世界上最大的石油出口国,沙特受到的影响首当其冲。此前,国际油价高的时候,石油收入占到了沙特年收入的九成甚至更多,在油价开始下跌的2014年,这一比例还有89%,而根据沙特政府本周初公布的数据,2015年沙特总体收入约1620亿美元,低于预期15%,石油收入占比则降到了73%。

在收入减少的同时,沙特今年的支出达到了约2600亿美元,超过预期13%,而这其中由于对也门反政府武装的打击和对参加对抗极端组织“伊斯兰国”国际联盟行动,沙特2015年在军事和安全方面的开支就有530亿美元左右。收入降低,支出增加,造成了今年沙特的财政赤字达到了创纪录的979亿美元。

在沙特批准的2016年财政预算中,2016年收入预期为1368亿美元,开支预期为2240亿美元,赤字高达870亿美元。所有这三项都比今年有所降低。

2016年的财政预算是沙特十年来首次基于国际原油每桶低于50美元来制定的。沙特政府财政大臣表示,沙特将继续捍卫在国际市场的份额,已准备好应对国际油价不会短期内恢复的情况。而且沙特国王萨勒曼还表示,沙特经济有应对挑战的潜力。

为了应对低油价带来的赤字压力,沙特政府表示他们将审查一些政府项目,保证它们是必要的,并且是财政负担得起的。而且根据此前的报道,沙特对于饮料和烟草将提高税收水平,而且也和其它海湾国家一起协调准备引入增值税。

目前,沙特已经开始削减部分能源补贴,从29日开始,沙特将高等级汽油的售价提高了50%,由原来的每升0.6里亚尔涨到0.9里亚尔,低等级汽油的售价则提高了67%。与此同时,提价的还有水费和电费,但水电费的具体涨价幅度还没有披露。今年早些时候,阿联酋已经率先减少能源补贴,这在一直以来都享受低能源价格的海湾国家似乎正成为趋势。

对于沙特而言,免费医疗、免费教育和高补贴的能源消费构成了民众最为重要的福利待遇,也被很多分析认为是沙特维持国内稳定的重要手段。这次虽然开始削减了部分补贴,但最重要的免费医疗和免费教育并未改变,按照2016年的预算,医疗和教育依然是最重要的项目之一,占到了总体支出的35%。

提到这次汽油价格的上涨,从绝对值上看,其实依然是很低廉。沙特的汽油价格原本就是世界范围内的低价,在海湾国家则是最低的。所以从一个很低的水平有所上涨,对于民众的影响程度不会太大。但从此前阿联酋的效果来看,油价上涨会逐渐促使一些人节约用油。

不过,对于沙特政府而言,削减部分能源补贴在如今的环境下无疑能够带来节省的作用。国际货币基金组织的预计曾显示,如果沙特将燃料价格提高到海湾国家的平均水平,每年将可以节省170亿美元。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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