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日澳将确立“准同盟”关系 日潜艇出口前景难料(图)

2015-11-23 09:47:01   中国新闻网

中新网11月23日电据日媒报道,本月22日,由日本与澳大利亚的外交与国防部长参加的2+2联席会议在悉尼举行,双方同意尽快签署“访问部队地位协定”,寻求建立“准同盟”关系,以便形成亚太地区的日美澳铁三角关系。

报道称,该协定签署后,日澳两军在日本国内举行军事演习等,无需事先进行政府审批手续便可实行。另一方面,澳大利亚总理特恩布尔将于下个月访问日本,就两国的地位协定问题,与日本首相安倍晋三达成协议。

会议现场。

但日媒分析指出,安倍晋三政府的武器出口战略早早便迎来了紧要关头。因被安倍称为“盟友”的澳大利亚前总理阿博特于今年9月辞职,日本向澳出口最先进潜艇的计划被打乱,正在与德国、法国争夺订单。

在距最终投标方案提交期限仅剩一周的22日,日本与澳大利亚的外长及防长于悉尼举行了磋商(2+2磋商)。日方对本国潜艇进行了最后的推销,但结果尚无法预料。

“看到工人们认真工作的样子,我很感动。如果要建造潜艇,与这家企业的合作是必不可少的。”日本防卫相中谷元20日在南澳州城市阿德莱德参观造船厂后与当地相关人士共进晚餐,做出了上述表示。

日媒称,日本最初计划是在国内建成潜艇后交付澳方。但在德国和法国以“当地建造”(德国总理默克尔语)为“王牌”加入竞争的情况之下,日本也开始调整姿态,不再拘泥于最初方案。

日本作为“亮点商品”推销的“苍龙”级潜艇被认为在性能方面超过德法潜艇,有意强化美日澳三国合作的美国也对该潜艇赞不绝口。日本防卫省消息人士称:“要把连向美国都没透露过的潜艇技术出口给澳大利亚是艰难的决定,但鱼与熊掌不可兼得。”

但是,最大的意外是支持日本方案的澳大利亚前总理阿博特在9月的党内选举中输给了现任总理特恩布尔。特恩布尔执政后,日本政府内焦躁之声蔓延,“不知道他是什么样的人,一切都要从头开始”(外务省官员语)。

安倍政府修改原则上禁止武器出口的“武器出口三原则”,于去年4月1日出台了“防卫装备转移三原则”。4月7日,安倍同阿博特举行会谈,就共同研发潜艇达成协议。3个月之后,日澳签署了允许潜艇出口的相关协议,加紧为出口创造条件。

澳大利亚财政部长霍基曾于2014年12月表示,潜艇建造将不会进行公开招标。虽然最终澳方把德国、法国也列入招标对象,但安倍和阿博特已达成“秘密约定”的说法甚嚣尘上。直到今年夏天,日本都被认为占据优势,而现在形势发生了变化。

澳大利亚计划新建最多12艘潜艇,项目额高达500亿澳元(约合人民币2312亿元)。安倍政府刚刚于9月在印度尼西亚高铁项目竞标中败给中国,政府相关人士表示“决不能重蹈覆辙”。

但日媒同时指出,目前形势并不乐观。与德法相比,因在武器出口方面缺乏经验,日本推销的技巧不足。德法提出在澳大利亚建造潜艇,强调这可以维持就业并对当地造船业做出贡献。为与之抗衡,日本在10月初也提出当地建造的构想,但无可否认已经陷入被动。

还有日本政府消息人士谨慎地表示:“觉得99%能中标,但不知道最后的1%会发生什么”。

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