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月球现3200多条裂缝 地球正撕裂月球表面

2015-09-21 11:21:54   中新网

众所周知,地球上海洋潮汐的潮起潮落是月球绕地球旋转所造成的结果。但地球让月球在轨道上保持运行的引力似乎正对月球产生更严重的影响———地球正在撕裂月球的表面。

美国航天局的科学家们已在月球表面发现3200多条裂缝,每条裂缝有数英里长,几十英尺深。

人们一直认为由于月球内核降温,月球表面缩水产生了这些裂缝。但对这些裂缝的分析显示,是地球引力导致了这些裂缝的形成。

美国史密森学会全国航空航天博物馆高级科学家托马斯·沃特斯博士说:“数以千计的裂缝只有一个方向模式。这意味着某种东西正在影响裂缝的形成,这种东西还在月球范围内发挥作用———对它们进行‘按摩’和重新排列。”

科学家首次注意到这些裂缝是在2010年,当时美国航天局的月球勘测轨道飞行器发现它们分布在月球表面,称其为叶状悬崖。

最初,科学家认为月球内核液态层降温及随之而来的紧缩,导致其表面的固态外壳出现弯曲和爆裂。这产生了所谓的推力裂缝模式,而非特定的方向模式。

但对飞船拍摄的近3/4月球表面高分辨率照片的分析,揭示了这些裂缝的3000多种特征。研究人员发现,裂缝似乎具有特定方向,这意味着它们是受到其他外力影响而形成的。

研究人员说,当月球在椭圆形轨道上绕地球运行时,地球对月球引力的变化足以对月球表面产生特殊压力。

沃特斯说,地球对月球的潮汐力进一步加重了月球内核降温导致月球表面缩水的影响,这种双重作用力导致月球表面的裂缝以特定模式形成。

这些裂缝悬崖目前处在初级阶段,似乎仍在不断成长。它们被认为是月球表面最常见的陆地构造形态。

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