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俄外长称俄朝准备最高级别交流 韩媒:金正恩或访俄

2014-11-24 09:12:12   中国青年报

作为金正恩的特使,崔龙海访俄取得了圆满成功,于23日结束访问回国。他此次为期7天的俄罗斯之行内容丰富,看点很多,不辱使命。

崔龙海与普京会谈气氛融洽,并转交了金正恩的亲笔信。信中表示,朝方希望同俄罗斯发展全方位的双边关系,并在解决朝鲜半岛现有问题方面与俄罗斯展开合作。俄外长拉夫罗夫在与崔龙海会谈之后披露的消息足以令世界惊讶,“朝鲜准备在不设先决条件的情况下恢复朝核问题六方会谈”。拉夫罗夫还指出,俄朝韩三方经贸联系不断加强,有一系列前景看好的合作项目。

特别是,拉夫罗夫向媒体抛出一颗“重磅炸弹”:“俄朝政治关系得到加强,两国准备开展各层次接触,包括最高级别交流。”韩国媒体对此解读为:俄罗斯正在为最高领导人接触进行准备”。这引起了全世界的关注。

如果报道属实,那么就证实了此前媒体的推测,即崔龙海此访是为金正恩访俄打前站。如此一来,金正恩访俄就是一个顺理成章并值得期待的事情了。

金正恩即将访俄似乎是朝俄双边关系快速发展符合逻辑的结果。今年以来,朝俄政治关系得到大力加强,双边高层交流频繁,金永南、李洙墉、玄永哲、崔龙海等高官相继访俄,俄高官也先后访朝,如果再提高交流层次的话,那就是最高领导人金正恩亲自出访了。究竟什么时候能够实现朝俄最高领导人互访,还得看各自的工作日程安排。如无意外,应该不会迟于明年年初。

金正恩的首次出访肯定会引起全世界关注,其意义非同一般。

首先,金正恩如将首访给俄罗斯,人们就会有理由认为俄罗斯将成为朝鲜对外关系中首要战略合作的国家。为摆脱孤立的国际环境,今年以来朝鲜连续发起外交攻势,但大都没有实质性效果或成效不显著。相比之下,朝俄政治经济合作关系却硕果累累,成为朝今年对外关系中最大的亮点。照此发展下去,俄罗斯势必会成为朝鲜在国际关系中最重要的战略合作伙伴, 也会给东北亚国际关系带来微妙的影响。

其次,金正恩如能首访俄罗斯,将在一定程度上改善他个人和朝鲜“封闭”的形象。朝鲜因为长期在政治上受到孤立,在经济上受到封锁,客观上就给人们造成一种自我封闭的印象。其实,朝鲜近些年来一直在实施“双突围”战略,即既要突破政治孤立、改善国际关系,又要突破经济制裁与封锁、拓展生存空间。只是由于各种原因,目前收效甚微。俄是否能成为朝鲜“双突围”战略的突破口,还有待观察。

第三,金正恩若能首访俄罗斯,朝俄有可能联合应对美国与西方的制裁和打压。目前,朝俄均受到来自西方的经济制裁和封锁,在政治上也被孤立。为抗衡西方,俄正在实施“东方攻势”,发展俄朝关系,增强在朝鲜半岛的影响力和发言权,这正在成为俄罗斯新亚洲政策的重要组成部分。这也正契合朝鲜的需求。所以,朝俄靠近,联合应对西方,是双方共同的需要,也势必成为金正恩和普京共同关心的话题。

众所周知,中国是六方会谈机制的发起国,也是主要协调国,会谈的中心实际上是美朝双方,而俄韩日则是一般的协调参与国。朝鲜在2009年4月宣布永久退出六方会谈之后,与美国也有多次接触,但美国没有放宽它的前提条件,坚持要求朝鲜重返六方会谈。现在,情况发生了微妙的变化,是俄罗斯方面率先宣布了朝鲜不设先决条件重返六方会谈的消息,而非中美,这个情况耐人寻味。这不仅表明朝俄关系正在迅速升温,而且还从中透视出朝可能有新的战略考量。

朝俄政治经济关系全面升温,似乎已在地区经济领域产生影响。据韩联社报道,由浦项制铁、现代商船、韩国铁路公社组成的韩国企业联合体将从24日开始试点经由连接朝鲜罗先特别市罗津港和俄罗斯东南部边境城市哈桑的罗津-哈桑铁路,把3.5万吨俄罗斯煤炭运往韩国庆尚北道浦项港的货物运输。如果这条线路与先前货运线路相比效率更高、费用更低的话,韩国方面将考虑增加从俄罗斯进口煤炭。

一般而论,在外交上的任何调整与变化,其背后必有重大的利益交换或战略改变。朝俄此番靠近,各自都有算盘,根本目的都是对地缘政治格局做出对己方有利的转变。如果金正恩将首访的“荣誉”送给俄罗斯,不仅表明朝俄关系将继续升温,而且也将触动美国“亚洲再平衡”的战略态势,还会给朝鲜半岛以及东北亚局势添加新的变数和看点。

(作者为浙江大学韩国研究所客座研究员、环球网特约评论员)

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