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揭秘:被毛泽东点名驱逐的美国外交官

2016-12-30 16:10:11   

毛泽东发誓赶走赫尔利
  1944年七八月间,根据美国总统罗斯福的指示,中缅印战区向延安派驻美军观察组,组长为戴维·包瑞德上校。他们依据自己的观察和思考,得出这样的结论:中共领导的抗日武装是不可低估的战斗力量,应该向他们提供武器,应该与他们联合对日作战。他们称赞中共领导人,“有着伟大的作为领导者的能力和品质”,中共领导的根据地“正在变得越来越强大”。所以,美国政府“不能无限期地担保一个政治上破产的政权”,而应推动国共两党向着联合政府的方向发展。
  赫尔利是个胸襟狭小的人,一直将包瑞德等视为史迪威的人,必欲扫地出门而后快。在使馆的训话会上,他严厉警告说,凡是没有得到蒋介石的明确同意,任何人都不得帮助重庆政府以外的个人或团体。他认为美国国内的批评舆论,都是由于包瑞德透露信息。所以,他总是想方设法地寻机报复,先是给包瑞德的晋升设置障碍,使包瑞德失去唯一的一次晋升将军的机会,然后,再无端地撤了包瑞德的职,随之便将他调离中国。
  赫尔利回国述职的时候,美国驻华使馆的文武官员聚集一处,畅所欲言,检讨赫尔利对华政策,认为事情的发展极为严峻,应该给国务院写一封急信。这封信由驻华武官、美军观察组成员谢伟思起草。这封信大胆地批评说,由于赫尔利的错误,致使蒋介石“不愿作任何妥协”,而共产党又以为我们“支持蒋介石”,于是,中国便不可避免地隐伏着深刻的内战危机。他们建议:总统应该向蒋介石明确表示,对共产党和其他抗日力量“提供补给并与之合作”,完全是“军事上的需要”。
  罗斯福总统逝世后,赫尔利更是明火执仗,为虎作伥。他公开声言,将全力支持蒋介石,而不支持“武装的政党和军阀”,中国共产党已被列入他的黑名单。他还无所顾忌地追究使馆内的“不同意见者”。谢伟思便深受其害,被强加“偷窃文件”的间谍罪与其他6人一起被逮捕。拔掉了眼中钉,赫尔利称心如意,蒋介石也兴高采烈,他在日记中写道:“此六人逮捕以后,美国对华政策乃可渐次明朗。”
  1945年4月5日,《新华日报》针对赫尔利在美国的胡言乱语,发表时评《我们的坚定而明确的态度——评赫尔利将军谈话》,文章指出,赫尔利的谈话“有助于中国分裂与内战的危险,有拖延抗战胜利的危险”。时值中共七大闭幕,毛泽东在会上批评说:“赫尔利已经公开宣言不同中国共产党合作,既然如此,为什么还要到我们解放区去乱跑呢?”7月10日和12日,毛泽东连续为新华社撰写两篇评论,严厉批评赫尔利扶蒋反共的卑劣行径。毛泽东说:“4月2日,赫尔利在华盛顿发表声明,除了抹杀中共的地位、诬蔑中共的活动、宣称不和中共合作等一派帝国主义滥调外,还极力替蒋介石的‘国民大会’等项臭物捧场。如此,美国的赫尔利、中国的蒋介石,在以中国人民为牺牲品的共同目标下,一唱一和,达到了热闹的顶点。”毛泽东还说:“这个以赫尔利为代表的美国对华政策的危险性,就在于它助长了国民党政府的反动,增大了中国内战的危机。”
  不久,毛泽东在延安接见美国民主同盟两位代表时,对赫尔利的批评已带有明显的义愤色彩,他说:“我这几条烂枪,既可同日本人打,也就可以同美国人打,第一步我要把赫尔利赶走了再说!”同时,中国共产党公开表示,坚决反对赫尔利再任驻华大使。美国国内对赫尔利的非议也越来越多,舆论指责他“颠倒了”罗斯福的对华政策。赫尔利已是声名狼藉,美国不得不纠正他所造成的偏差,改公开扶蒋反共为扶蒋容共,企图通过所谓“调处”国共关系,不战而控制中国。1945年11月26日,赫尔利很不情愿地向杜鲁门总统递交了辞职信。自此,便再也无颜踏上中国的土地。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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