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揭秘:被毛泽东点名驱逐的美国外交官

2016-12-30 16:10:11   

1944年9月,帕特里克·杰伊·赫尔利以美国总统私人代表的身份来到中国,后又成为驻华大使。他在执行美国对华政策的过程中,出尔反尔,轻诺寡信,最终发展到和蒋介石一唱一和,公开地扶蒋反共,担当起卑劣的双簧角色。
  请求罗斯福召回史迪威
  1942年1月3日,根据美国总统罗斯福的建议,成立中国战区盟军司令部,由蒋介石出任最高统帅。蒋介石要求罗斯福委派一位美军将领,前来担任中国战区盟军司令部参谋长。美国陆军参谋总长马歇尔推荐其部属、好友、陆军中将史迪威担任此职。史迪威素以“尖酸刻薄”著称,他来到陪都重庆,在声明自己的职责和任务时,那种“傲慢的神气”,令蒋介石极为不快。据侍从室官员说:“史迪威走后,蒋一人独坐会客室内,面部阴沉,久久沉默不语。”
  蒋介石要求史迪威对他唯命是从,凡事不得有丝毫的违拗。可是,中国战场节节败退的现状,使史迪威十分沮丧、恼火,他多次向蒋介石建议,军事要改革、军队要改组,那种以效忠个人的封建关系指挥军队,势必会使中国战场一败涂地。他还将自己的想法,报告给美国陆军部长史汀生,并且强调:“华盛顿必须了解中国的政治现实,以免上当。”
  蒋介石当然不会采纳史迪威的建议,去改变“朕即国家”的封建思想。而更令他难以容忍的是,史迪威竟然要求他撤出包围共产党的几十万大军去打日本,甚至还要给抗日前线的八路军、新四军划拨一些美援物资。蒋介石岂容史迪威的另类主张,于是一再向罗斯福提出要求,希望美国将史迪威召回。罗斯福也几乎被说服,只是由于马歇尔的有意辩护,史迪威才没有被蒋介石驱回。
  1944年4月,日军发动河南战役,国民党汤恩伯、胡宗南等部望风而逃,郑州、洛阳等38座城市相继沦陷。接着,长沙、衡阳失守。中国战场的大溃败,使罗斯福清醒了。他不仅没有召回史迪威,反而晋升史迪威为上将,并去信蒋介石,请他给史迪威实际的军事指挥权,让史迪威“有权协调和指挥作战行动,阻止日军的进攻浪潮。”9月18日,罗斯福又给蒋介石发来电报,敦促他尽快给史迪威以军事指挥权。
  赫尔利就是在这种背景下来到重庆的,他负有美国政府交予的五项使命:“一、防止国民政府崩溃;二、支持蒋介石任共和国总统和军队统帅;三、协调委员长与美军指挥官的关系;四、促进中国战争物资的生产和防止经济崩溃;五、为打败日本,统一所有中国军队。”
  蒋介石反而“恶人先告状”,在赫尔利面前历数史迪威的不是。他对赫尔利说:“我已下决心,请罗斯福总统调回史迪威,另派一能合作的高级军官来接替参谋长职务。希望罗斯福总统不要因为我坚决要求调回史迪威而使中美之间产生隔阂。”蒋介石甚至以事关主权和人格相要挟,表示绝不接受任何强制命令,“否则,任何牺牲均所不恤!”

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