军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China

中国如何赶上的第一次世界大战“末班车”?

2016-12-28 15:04:16   

5月10日,也就是国会对“参战案”进行表决的那一天,这场闹剧达到高潮。就在议员们来到众议院准备投票时,院外被上千名“公民”“代表”们包围,他们整整齐齐的排着队,手里拿着形形色色的各色旗子,上面写着什么“军人请愿团”“学界请愿团”“商界请愿团”等等,各行各业,应有尽有。当议员们经过他们的队伍时,这些“公民”“代表”们便强行塞给他们“请愿书”甚至“警告”的传单,如果哪个敢不拿或拿得慢了,他们轻则喝斥,重则抡起胳膊饱以老拳,闹得实在不成体统。

正当议员们要进行投票时,“公民代表”们借口监督“投票的公正性和透明性”而强行闯入会场里,场内外秩序顿时一片大乱,投票根本无法进行。闹到晚上,投票仍无结果,最终段祺瑞也不得不亲自来到众议院,混乱不堪的“公民团”这才安静下来。事后查明,这些所谓的“公民代表”,其实大部分是乞丐流氓,而暗中的组织者正是段祺瑞的弟子傅良佐、靳云鹏等北洋军人。这与当年袁世凯利用所谓“公民团”强迫议员们选举他为总统时的伎俩几乎如出一辙。

尽管老段对傅良佐等人的幕后操作未必知情,但“公民团”的拙劣表演最终让“参战案”泡了汤(原本可以顺利通过)。事后,舆论大为哗然,各部总长如程璧光、谷钟秀、张耀曾等也在压力下先后提出辞呈,段祺瑞的内阁形同垮台。

一波三折:对德宣战终成定局

内阁会议瘫痪后,段祺瑞仍对“参战案”念念不忘,他在数天内连发三道咨文,要求国会尽快审议、速速通过,其心情之焦迫,不啻于农夫之望禾苗。可惜的是,段总理的心情并没有得到议员们的理解,国会方面反而提出,如今内阁残缺不全,咨文当属无效,须等内阁改组之后才能重新审议。

鉴于总统府和国会的双重压力,段祺瑞考虑再三后不得不后退一步,其重新拟定了一份内阁改组的名单并有意挑选了一些亲近总统府的人入阁,以便能尽快通过“参战案”。但是,黎元洪此时却打算乘机倒阁,其后以“段内阁长期虚悬”的名义将段祺瑞的内阁总理一职免去。事后,恼羞成怒的段祺瑞再次出走天津。

表面上看,黎元洪在这次的“府院之争”中大获全胜,但之后更戏剧性的一幕发生了。在段祺瑞的暗中唆使下,各省督军对黎元洪的“免职令”大起非议并纷纷宣布独立,个别督军甚至扬言要组织军队进行“北伐”,将黎元洪从总统位置上赶下去。为此,病急乱投医的黎元洪一时轻信老保皇党、“辫帅”张勋的调停建议,结果“辫子军”乘机涌入京城,闹出一场人所共知的复辟丑剧。

“张勋复辟”后,段祺瑞立刻宣布讨伐,随后组织“讨逆军”攻入北京,将“辫子军”打得落花流水。失败之余,张勋躲入荷兰使馆,溥仪再次宣布退位,而惹下如此祸端的黎元洪也无颜再任总统,最终于7月14日宣布辞职。这一次,段祺瑞笑到了最后,其不仅获得了“三造共和”的美名,而且再度复出担任总理。

黎元洪辞职后,江苏督军冯国璋代理大总统。冯国璋与段祺瑞为昔日同袍,都是当年袁世凯小站练兵的出身,相比于“黎、段组合”,冯国璋与段祺瑞的府院关系要和谐得多,由此,“参战案”也得以顺利通过。

1917年8月14日,民国政府正式对德、奥宣战,就此加入协约国集团并踏上了一战的战车。一年后,同盟国集团的德、奥等国不出意料的最终落败,中国也在近代史上首次成为了战胜国。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
上一页3/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161228/30122693_3.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/10 06:25:18

Powered by China
China