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中共高级将领仅“36位军事家”11位为革命壮烈牺牲
黄公略(1898—1931),湖南湘乡人,毕业于黄埔军校高级班,先后任中国工农红军第5军13师4团党代表、红5军第2纵队纵队长、湘鄂赣边境红军支队支队长、红5军副军长、红6军军长、红1军团第6军军长等职。在中央苏区第一至第三次反“围剿”中,坚决执行诱敌深入的战略方针,指挥红3军英勇作战,屡建战功。在龙冈战斗中击退国民党军第18师的连续进攻,在富田战斗中歼灭敌军第28师等部,在老营盘战斗中歼灭敌军第9师独立旅。1931年9月15日,率部参加方石岭追击战,歼敌第52师等部。在指挥部队转移途中,于吉安东固六渡坳遭敌机袭击,不幸中弹牺牲,时年33岁。毛泽东在其著名诗词《蝶恋花·从汀州向长沙》中写道:“赣水那边红一角,偏师借重黄公略。”足见其对杰出的红军将领、军事家黄公略的信赖和倚重。
方志敏(1899—1935),江西弋阳人,中共第六届中央委员。1928年1月,参与领导弋横起义,创建赣东北苏区,领导组建中国工农红军第10军。先后任赣东北省、闽浙赣省苏维埃政府主席,红10军政治委员,中共闽浙赣省委书记。他把马克思主义普遍真理与赣东北实际相结合,创造了一整套建党、建军和建立红色政权的经验,毛泽东称之为“方志敏式”的根据地。1934年11月初,任红10军团军政委员会主席,奉命率红军北上抗日先遣队北上,在皖南遭国民党军重兵围追堵截,艰苦奋战两月余,终因寡不敌众,于1935年1月29日被俘。被俘时,国民党士兵搜遍他全身,除一块怀表和一支钢笔,没有一文钱。在狱中,面对敌人的严刑和诱降,他正气凛然,坚贞不屈。在极端艰苦的条件下,写下了《可爱的中国》《清贫》等著名文稿。1935年8月6日,在江西南昌英勇就义。
刘志丹(1903—1936),陕西保安人,黄埔军校第4期毕业,先后任西北工农革命军军事委员会主席、西北反帝同盟军副总指挥、总指挥、中国工农红军陕甘游击队总指挥、红26军42师师长与参谋长、中共陕甘边区革命军事委员会主席、西北革命军事委员会主席及前敌总指挥、红军北路军总指挥、红28军军长、中共中央所在地瓦窑堡警备司令等职。刘志丹经常教育部队顾全大局,绝对服从中共中央的领导和调遣。周恩来说:“刘志丹同志对党忠贞不二,很谦虚,最守纪律,他是一个真正具有共产主义品质的党员。”1936年3月,刘志丹率红28军参加东征战役,挺进晋西北。4月14日在中阳县三交镇战斗中牺牲,年仅33岁。1943年,刘志丹牺牲7周年时,毛泽东亲笔题词:“群众领袖,人民英雄”。
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