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中国史学者对甲午战争的研究相对来说较少且具有比较强的专题性,如《1895山东的甲午战争与抗日运动》,利用丰富的史料详细介绍了甲午战争期间中日在山东展开的战斗和山东民众反抗日本侵略的斗争。《甲午战争时期中国外交路线的变化》一文,则分析了甲午战争期间包括战后停战交涉过程中中国展开的外交活动,指出这些外交活动基本上没能摆脱鸦片战争后形成的以夷制夷的思维,也正是这种外交思维使得中国在甲午战争期间的外交活动以失败告终,从而导致了中国社会的半殖民地性质进一步加重。《1900年前后东亚三大战争与军慰安所》利用战争见闻录,对甲午战争、八国联军侵华战争和日俄战争中军队当局运营慰安所和对性病的管理进行了分析。
韩国的日本史学者对甲午战争的研究也同样具有较强的专题性,如甲午战争时期日本的东亚政策、甲午战争时期日本的亚洲认识等研究都具有明显的专题性。关于甲午战争时期日本的东亚政策,有学者认为甲午战争时期日本试图通过修改与西方列强的条约来确保在东亚地区对于中国的优势地位,并进一步将传统上以中国为中心的东亚国际秩序改造为以日本为重心的近代国际秩序。明治维新之后日本出现了各种主张亚洲人团结、合作的所谓“亚细亚联合论”,但是这种“亚细亚联合论”很快就成为日本在东亚地区进行势力扩张的工具,成为日本侵略大陆的名分;甲午战争时期日本大多数知识人和政治领导人物,正是在这一名分下将对中国和朝鲜的侵略战争予以正当化。也有日本史的学者从比较史学的角度对比分析了甲午战争时期西方列强与日本对中国的侵略,认为甲午战争前后列强对中国的侵略多具有代价性,换句话说,列强多是通过应清政府的要求介入调停中日冲突而从清政府那里获得利权的让与,与此相比,日本的大陆政策则是露骨的侵略主义。
综上所述,韩国对甲午战争的官方看法和学界观点在战争的性质、战争的影响等方面与中国学界的认识有很多相同之处,但在一些方面如对近代以后中国的对朝鲜政策的认识等方面也存在一些差异,这也许是由于双方研究的视角不同所致。(孙科志)
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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