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揭秘:都有哪些外国人参加了中国红军长征

2016-10-26 16:19:10   

央广网10月25日消息 在中国工农红军进行伟大长征的队伍中,有一批特殊的战士。他们来自不同的国家,语言和肤色有别,但他们都参加了中国红军的长征。在这些参加长征的外国人中,有德国人奥托·布劳恩(李德),越南人洪水,朝鲜人毕士悌、武亭,英国人鲁道夫·勃沙特,还有加拿大人阿诺利斯·海曼,德国传教士海因里希·凯尔纳等。在长征的队伍里,至少还有30名朝鲜籍的红军指战员参加了长征。

李德(资料图)

李德,德国人,原名奥托·布劳恩。受共产国际派遣,1932年到中国。1933年9月到中央革命根据地,任中共中央军事顾问。在博古等人的支持下,掌握中央红军的指挥权。在第五次反“围剿”作战中照搬国外经验,导致失利。1934年10月参加长征,是负责军事指挥的“三人团”成员之一。在遵义会议上受到严厉批评。遵义会议取消“三人团”后,任中央纵队观察员。1935年10月19日,李德随中共中央和红一方面军主力到达陕甘根据地的吴起镇(今吴旗镇),成为走完长征全程的西方人之一。到达陕北后,李德任中央军委军事研究委员会委员、抗日军政大学教员。1939年离开中国到苏联。苏德战争爆发后,李德参加了苏联卫国战争。1953年李德回到自己的祖国,恢复了奥托·布劳恩的本名。 1973年,李德出版了回忆录《中国纪事》。在书中,他对长征进行了充分的肯定。他认为,尽管长征付出了巨大的牺牲,但从政治上来看,长征仍然是中国红军的一次胜利。这是一个不可磨灭的功绩,是中国红军——共产党领导下的农民军队的全体战士伟大的勇敢、坚韧的毅力和革命的热情的明证。

洪水(资料图)

洪水,原名武元博、阮山,1908年10月1日出生于越南。1924年,洪水不惜抛弃富裕安逸的家庭生活,追随胡志明来到中国,追求革命真理,投身中国革命。1927年,洪水秘密加入中国共产党,之后又加入红军队伍,并担任了红军基层指挥员。1934年10月参加长征,任军委第一野战纵队干部团教员。1935年6月红二、红四方面军会师后,随红四方面军行动。之后,洪水参加了中国的抗日战争,1945年参加中共七大。洪水成为世界上惟一参加了中国人民解放军从建军到抗日战争胜利全过程的外国人。 抗战胜利后,应越南共产党的邀请,洪水回到祖国越南,参加越南的抗法战争,被授予越南人民军少将军衔。1950年洪水再次回到中国工作,任中国人民解放军训练总监部条令局副局长,《战斗训练》杂志社社长。1955年,洪水被授予中国人民解放军少将军衔,成为同时拥有中越两国将军军衔的第一人。

毕士悌,朝鲜人。曾用名毕斯蒂、金勋、杨林等。1934年10月参加长征,任军委第一野战纵队干部团参谋长。长征到达陕北后,任红十五军团第七十五师参谋长。1936年2月在战斗中牺牲。

武亭,朝鲜人。1934年10月参加长征,任军委第一野战纵队第三梯队负责人。1934年12月调任红三军团炮兵营营长。长征到达陕北后,曾入红军大学学习。1945年12月回国。

勃沙特,瑞士人,后移居英国。全名鲁道夫·阿尔弗雷德·勃沙特·比亚吉特。1935年11月随红二、红六军团参加长征。1936年4月离开部队。勃沙特后来将自己的这次经历写成《神灵之手》一书在英国出版,称赞红军英勇善战、纪律严明。

(作者:军史专家、中国人民革命军事博物馆原研究员 姜廷玉)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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