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红军长征开创中国革命新局面 更形成坚强领导核心

2016-10-24 20:43:53   党建网

着力维护党中央权威 保证党的团结统一

中国人民革命军事博物馆馆长  董长军

中国工农红军长征,不仅实现了中国革命中心的胜利转移,开创了中国革命的新局面,具有更深远意义的是形成了中国革命成熟的坚强领导核心。着力维护党中央权威,保证党的团结统一,是长征留给我们的一个重要启示。

在长征过程中,为维护党中央权威,保证党的团结统一,以毛泽东等为代表的中国共产党人作出巨大努力。这一努力大体分为三个阶段:

一是1935年1月至3月的遵义会议和四渡赤水期间。核心是取消旧的三人团直至设立新的三人团,实现党中央负责人和军事指挥负责人的平稳交接。这期间,最易忽视的,是毛泽东成功指挥四渡赤水的关键——由“中央会议民主议决”确立“民主集中”的过程。苟坝会议期间,毛泽东在1票对20余票的情况下,以对党高度负责的态度,夜访并说服周恩来。以此为契机,在毛泽东的建议下,党中央的军事指挥体制放弃“中央会议民主议决”模式,成立新的三人团,全权军事指挥。正是在“全权指挥”中,毛泽东率红军三渡、四渡赤水,南下西进再北上金沙江,跳出国民党军包围圈。

这一鲜活的事实告诉我们,维护党中央的权威,保证党的团结统一,既要在组织上明确听谁指挥听谁领导,又要明确采取什么样的组织体制来贯彻和执行党中央的决策。

二是1935年7月至9月红一、四方面军会师期间。核心是党中央争取张国焘率部共同北上。为此,党中央增补红四方面军部分领导为中革军委成员,调整红军总部部分领导成员,特别是周恩来让出红军总政治委员职务来安置张国焘。但张国焘进一步提出要安排人进党的中央委员会、甚至进中央政治局,摆出调整党中央领导成员的架势。毛泽东、张闻天、周恩来等在坚持北上决策的基础上,做了大量争取工作,但最终归于失败,决定率部先行北上。1938年毛泽东反思:“我们的原则是党指挥枪,而决不容许枪指挥党。”

现在看,维护党中央的权威,保证党的团结统一,既要毫不动摇地坚持和贯彻党中央的正确决策,更要果敢不移地与党内的错误倾向坚决斗争,特别是要旗帜鲜明地争党的军事指挥权。

三是1935年10月党中央率部先行北上至1936年10月长征胜利结束。核心是党中央为维护全党的团结统一,既坚定地同张国焘的分裂主义做斗争,又采取一切可能的方法达到团结和争取张国焘率部北上的目的,并最终取得胜利。在此过程中,党中央在对外对内名义上(如西北革命军事委员会)留有余地,充分发挥共产国际派遣回国传达第七次代表大会精神的张浩(林育英)的作用,积极呼应任弼时、贺龙和随红四方面军的朱德、刘伯承,以及红四方面军徐向前等人的团结作用,最终使张国焘成为孤家寡人,充分体现了斗争的灵活性和策略性。以1936年10月三大主力会师、同年底中革军委的调整和1937年五六月间的中国共产党全国代表大会等为标志,党中央在长征胜利后实现了团结统一,实现了对全军的统一指挥。

这一阶段的史实充分说明,维护党中央的权威,保证党的团结统一,既要有坚定的领导核心和不可动摇的革命目标,更要有灵活的策略原则和广大党员干部特别是党的高级领导干部的共同努力。

长征是曲折的,但最终的成果是丰富的。即如长征中的两份电文:“合则力厚,分则力薄。”“党内统一一致,才能挽救殖民地危险,才利于中国革命。”在实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的进程中,我们必须坚持党的政治路线、思想路线、组织路线、群众路线,坚决维护党中央的权威,保证党的团结统一,形成磅礴的力量。

责任编辑:张海潮
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