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粟裕要带50万武力拿下台湾 因这事受阻耽搁

2016-10-21 14:39:32   

中国大陆基本解放后,毛泽东即开始谋划解决台湾问题。在准备武力解放台湾的同时,也在准备着和平的一手。在朝鲜战争之后,由于美军第七舰队入侵台湾海峡,武力解决台湾问题的时间被向后推延。以毛泽东为核心的第一代党的领导集体,把解决台湾问题的方向转移到了和平谈判上来,并为此付出了长久的努力,取得了积极的效果。

中国共产党关于解放台湾问题的决心和计划,首先是建立在武力解放基础上的。即使在提出和平解放台湾之后,始终没有放弃武力解放的方案。根据毛泽东、周恩来的设想,解放台湾可以分三步走:第一步,迅速组建海军、空军,掌握制海权、制空权;第二步,尽快解放东南沿海各岛,扫清外围,建立攻台前沿阵地;第三步,发起对台全面作战。

1949年2月1日至3日,毛泽东在西柏坡接见了秘密来访的苏共中央代表米高扬。毛泽东说:“目前,还有一半的领土尚未解放,大陆上的事情比较好办,把军队开去就行了。海岛上的事情就比较复杂,须要采取另一种比较灵活的方式去解决,或者采用和平过渡的方式,这就要花较多的时间了。”“台湾是中国的领土,这是无可争辩的。现在估计国民党的残余力量大概全要撤到那里去,以后同我们隔海相望,不相往来。那里还有一个美国问题,台湾实际上就在美帝国主义的保护下。这样,台湾问题比西藏问题更复杂,解决它更需要时间。”这是毛泽东第一次谈到台湾问题,他预见到了可能出现的复杂局面。

3月,中共中央召开会议讨论即将成立的华东局管辖范围。毛泽东特别提出还要加上台湾。应党中央的要求,华东局提出了解放台湾后的台湾省政权的组成人员:舒同为中共台湾省委书记,刘格平为省委副书记。当时,台湾解放后的省委、省政府各部厅、地委、县委的领导班子都已经组建,并集中进行了有关台湾知识、政策的培训。后来进攻台湾没有实现,这些人员转去开办华东人民革命大学。

3月15日,新华社发表了题为《中国人民一定要解放台湾》的时评。这是中国共产党首次提出解放台湾的口号。7月初,毛泽东与朱德讨论了进攻台湾的问题。他们认为:只要苏联援助我们几十架飞机,掌握了制空权,解放军就可以发起进攻台湾的战役。7月3日,毛泽东和朱德致电华东军区的陈毅、粟裕、张爱萍:“新中国就要成立了,希望你们抓紧做好解放台湾的准备工作,加强海军力量,做到中央一声令下,随时歼灭敌人。”1949年10月金门之战的失败,并没有动摇党中央和毛泽东解放台湾的决心。党中央研究后决定:1950年人民解放军的任务,是解放海南岛、台湾和西藏,肃清境内一切国民党残余力量。随着1950年5月海南岛的解放,人们普遍认为解放台湾已为期不远了。

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