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毛泽东规定他的塑像除美术馆外不许在公共场所陈列

2016-10-10 15:14:51   叶永烈

六、斯大林晚年对外犯过大国主义的错误。毛主席对别的国家一向很尊重,朝鲜问题就是一个好例子,对越南蒙古的关系也是这样。对苏联的有些问题,我们也提出过意见,但是并没有妨碍两国的团结。革命过程中总会有些缺点和错误,问题是我们发现得快、纠正得快。

在作了以上六个方面的分析之后,胡乔木引述了恩格斯的名作《论权威》,说明党需要领导者个人的威信,亦即权威,这是党和人民的宝贵财富,必须保卫,决不能破坏。

虽说胡乔木并不赞同“反右倾”,但他作为毛泽东的政治秘书,必须在政治上维护毛泽东。这番长篇发言,是胡乔木的公开表态,意味着他要从被动转为主动。

胡乔木这一长篇发言,毛泽东听了颇为满意。翌日,毛泽东在大会上作长篇讲话,内中不指名地提及胡乔木:

“李锐不是秀才,是俱乐部的人。”“想把秀才们挖去,不要妄想,是我们的人。”

“俱乐部”,指的是以彭德怀为首的所谓“军事俱乐部”(反党集团的代称)。“秀才们”,包括胡乔木、田家英,也包括陈伯达。

这么一来,胡乔木解脱了!

胡乔木担任毛泽东秘书十八年以来,一直紧跟毛泽东,平平稳稳。虽说不久前毛泽东就陈云一事批评了他一回,不算太严重。这一回庐山上,可谓惊心动魄,胡乔木差一点进入“俱乐部”——倘若那句“五八年大跃进出了轨,翻了车”,传入毛泽东的耳朵,知道是他说的话,那就麻烦了。

他还算“机警”,知道风向不对,马上作了那长篇发言,度过了政治危机……

不过,从此之后,他和毛泽东之间,产生了潜在的裂痕。这裂痕,他知,毛泽东知,表面上却仿佛一切如常。

吴冷西曾这样回忆庐山会议中处境艰难的胡乔木:

1959年的庐山会议,是乔木同志一生中的一个重要关节。在会议前期,即所谓“神仙会”期间,乔木同志带领我们起草会议纪要。他对大跃进中的错误提出了尖锐的意见,并系统地写入会议纪要初稿。当初稿受到一些仍有强烈的“左”倾情绪的同志的指责之后,他又在坚持少奇同志提出的“成绩讲够,缺点讲透”的原则下,力求照顾各种不同意见,对初稿加以修改。当修改稿出来以后,会议突然180度转向反右倾,《纪要》受到了更激烈的指责。有些同志把它同彭老总的意见书相提并论,横加攻击。乔木同志和我们这些参加起草的人也受到似是而非的批评。乔木同志当时既迷惑又沮丧,眼看持续半年的纠正“左”倾错误的进程被打断了。有好几天他一句话也不说,脸色阴沉,心事重重。直到毛主席讲了“秀才是我们的人”之后,乔木同志以大局为重,振作精神,为全会起草决议。当错误地批判以彭德怀同志为首的所谓“军事俱乐部”的局势无法改变之后,他仍然想帮助一位起草纪要的参加者。他同田家英同志和我商量,建议这位参加起草工作的人写一封检讨信给毛主席,以求得谅解。乔木同志的这个好心没有得到好报。二十多年之后,这位起草参加者著书立说,扬言他写那封信是“终牛根事”,似乎是乔木同志的建议害了他。尤有甚者,这位起草纪要的参加者在其著作中竟然还说他在庐山会议上保护了乔木和家英。事实恰恰相反,正是这位起草参加者在庐山会议后期,写了所谓“检举材料”,罗列许多“罪状”,告发乔木同志,家英同志和我。彭真,一波和尚昆同志要我们在大会上同此人对质,参加八届八中全会的同志都目睹当时会场上对质的情景。中央为此调查了两个多月,直到十月初毛主席找乔木,家英和我谈话时才算结案。事隔三十多年,知情者越来越少。我责无旁贷,要为乔木,家英两位亡友公开澄清历史事实。

庐山会议从和风细雨变为急风暴雨,是乔木同志一生中从未有过的经历。一个月的紧张局势,使他心身交瘁,从此种下了尔后的极度精神疲劳的病根。(《胡乔木:中共一支笔》,叶永烈著,广西人民出版社出版)

责任编辑:张海潮
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