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再回首抗日战争:日本国民你们为什么没有反对?

2016-09-21 11:16:11   新华网

百年来是谁在制造侵华舆论

1937年8月15日第一次日本国民战争精神总动员大会在 东京日比谷公园会堂举行

中日两国一衣带水,早在光武帝建武中元二年(57年),东汉政府与倭奴国(日本)建立外交关系。日本长期以来一直是以华为师,隋唐时期,曾派大批留学生和留学僧来华学习,两国之间的外交、文化和经济联系十分密切。

然而元末以来,日本武士开始逐渐乘船骚扰、劫掠中国沿海,史称倭寇。明万历年间(1592年、1597年),日本当时的实际统治者丰臣秀吉(1537-1598)本想经朝鲜进攻明朝,扬言要“直捣大明国”,狂妄至极。日人终在朝将李舜臣和明军的联攻下惨败。之后,日本除小股“倭寇”时常骚扰我东南沿海外,不敢贸然大举犯华。但这并不意味着日本放弃了侵略中国的野心。恰恰相反,在此后的200多年中,日本不少在野民间人士,还是在通过种种方式,对日本侵华的必要性、可行性,进行种种试探和研究。

1715年,日本戏剧家近松门左卫门(1653-1724)在名为《国姓爷合战》的大型历史剧中臆造日本人占领南京的场景。这出戏连续三年在日本上演不衰,观众多达20多万人次,这种受庶民百姓欢迎的程度和演出的盛况是空前的。

最早系统全面地提出侵华方案的,是19世纪初的民间学人佐藤信渊(1767-1850)。1823年,他提出了所谓“宇内混同”的侵华方略。设计出了一个周密的入侵和占领中国的“秘策”,提出日本要先攻取满洲,然后“经略”整个中国。他甚至连日本各地方政府的作战分工和出兵顺序都设计好了。即使到了19世纪30年代,当日本早已全面进攻中国,并企图建立“亚细亚共荣圈”之时,佐藤信渊的论调仍被日本人视为经典。

1842年,清朝在鸦片战争中惨败的消息同时也“震惊”了全日本。接着在1853年,4艘美国军舰来到日本,逼迫幕府开港通商。西方人的船坚炮利让日本人羡慕不已,日本迅速掀起学习了近代科技知识热潮,并开始疏远、鄙视以清朝为代表的封建儒家文化,进而也想“雄飞海外”“霸占中国”。特别是清末魏源的《海国图志》问世以后,虽然国内影响甚微,但它却在日本茁壮成长,直至把日本推上了富国强兵的道路。

在目前流通的一万日元钞票上,印着一位身穿和服的日本人肖像,他就是被誉为“日本近代文明缔造者”、日本第一位军国主义理论家的福泽谕吉(1835-1901)。1885 年,福泽谕吉发表著名的《脱亚论》,将原本崇尚中华文明的日本引上了“脱亚入欧”的道路,并推动日本一步步走向了侵略扩张。他在近20年的时间里,写了40多篇鼓吹侵华的文章,并把日本“文明开化”进程与侵略中国联系起来,公开宣扬弱肉强食的强盗哲学。他提出的侵占朝鲜、吞并台湾、再占领东北三省并最终将日本国旗插在北京城头的一系列侵略构想,其后辈全都付诸了行动。福泽谕吉的弟子尾崎行雄,甚至在1895年露骨地叫嚣:“并吞中国符合日本帝国之利益”。

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