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土耳其未遂政变或将改变世界政治版图

2016-08-02 14:05:03   中华网论坛

7月15日,土耳其发生未遂军事政变。逃过一劫的土耳其总统埃尔多安迅速反扑,逮捕参与政变的军人数以千计,约4000名军人因参与未遂政变已经被开除,整肃行动目前仍在进行中。未遂政变还造成237人死亡,2191人受伤,损失惨重。对于这样一场政变,埃尔多安之愤怒可想而知;更令他感到愤怒的是,有迹象表明美国人参与策动了这场政变。对此,埃尔多安已经向美国发出公开指责,并要求美国立即引渡涉嫌策划政变的、侨居美国的土耳其人居伦。对于埃尔多安的指责,美国矢口否认,并称这样的无端指责将影响双边关系。

那么,美国人究竟有没有参与策划此次政变呢?由于这是分析此次未遂政变对世界格局究竟会造成什么影响的关键所在,所以,我们不妨略加分析,追根溯源。

首先,我们可以肯定,俄罗斯不是此次政变的幕后黑手。原因是:第一,自6月埃尔多安就击落俄战机事件向俄罗斯发出道歉信以后,俄土关系趋向缓和。还在政变发生之前,俄土关系继续回暖,普京接受埃尔多安道歉并欢迎他到俄罗斯访问。在这种情况下,俄罗斯没有搞掉埃尔多安的动机。第二,据报道,埃尔多安所以能够逃过此劫,是因为在政变前几个小时收到了来自俄罗斯的警示。从而为埃尔多安将计就计、欲擒故纵提供了机会。第三,政变失败后,俄罗斯总统普京第一时间向埃尔多安致意,说明俄罗斯对挫败政变欢欣鼓舞。也从侧面验证了,俄罗斯的确向埃尔多安提供了准确情报。

其次,美国有搞掉埃尔多安的政治冲动。土耳其是北约一员,但是,埃尔多安政府并不是唯华盛顿马首是瞻的一员。从埃尔多安政府的一些列动作看,土耳其政府更倾向于保持独立。第一,土耳其政府倾向于对华友好。土耳其高铁成为中国制造的运行在北约成员国的第一条高速铁路,成为中国进军欧洲的重要名片。土耳其政府一度决定购买中国的红旗9防空系统,尽管由于美帝和北约的搅局最终告吹,但其中的广告效应令红旗9名声大噪,令美帝甚是不爽。第二,在打击IS问题上,土耳其与美国存在严重分歧。美国通过武装利库德打击IS的做法令土耳其愤怒。土耳其一度想另起炉灶,形成另外一股打击IS的力量,但终因力有不逮而未成气候。第三,土耳其在对待难民问题上,与德法意见相左,加之土耳其忽然向俄罗斯示好,对美欧制裁俄罗斯的政策构成威胁,美国的不满情绪可想而知。综上所述,美国利用居伦搞掉埃尔多安的指责是有可能成立的。而且,从美国的一贯作风看,美国作出搞掉埃尔多安的决定也完全是可能的。

美国要搞掉埃尔多安且以失败而告终,不可避免要遭到埃尔多安的反击。目前,埃尔多安已经拿出四手:一是不顾美国的反对,在国内进行大规模清洗行动。清洗的对象包括所有与居伦有关的机构和人员。包括一些非政府组织以及学校。二是与俄罗斯修好,派遣其副总理访问俄罗斯并宣布埃尔多安将于8月到俄罗斯访问。三是要求关闭美国、北约驻土耳其的军事基地,防止基地官兵参与支持政变。四是在难民问题上表态强硬,要求德国等作出对土耳其居民实行免签证的承诺,否则将改变此前的难民政策。等等。土耳其与美国、土耳其与北约的关系全部蒙上阴影。

如果上述情况继续发酵,将会出现什么状况呢?有可能发生的是,土耳其与美国和北约撕破脸,转脸向东,与中国和俄罗斯修好。这对世界政治格局将发生重大影响。一方面,北约的力量将遭到削弱。不只是军事力量的削弱,更是地缘政治地位的削弱。另一方面,反帝反霸的力量将得到加强,不仅是力量的加强,也是地缘政治地位的加强。原因是,土耳其地处地中海南岸,依托波斯布拉斯海峡扼黑海入地中海的咽喉要道,是亚欧大陆的腰眼分界线。土耳其与中俄修好,则俄罗斯进出地中海将畅通无阻;相反则难免遇到种种掣肘,甚至遭到美国和北约军队的围堵。从这个意义上讲,中国和俄罗斯都需要借机做好团结土耳其的工作。作为上合组织对话伙伴国,土耳其争取外交独立、不受北约操控的努力也值得尊重。

责任编辑:张海潮
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