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斯大林为何欲阻止中共南昌暴动:对国民党抱幻想

2016-08-01 14:14:33   人民网

斯大林 资料图

本文摘自:人民网,作者:徐元宫,原题为:苏联档案揭秘:斯大林为何要阻止中共南昌暴动?节选

上述密电发出后仅过了四天,即1927年7月29日,莫斯科又给罗明纳兹和布留赫尔发送了一封密电,再次明确指示“建议乌拉尔斯基同志去养病”,此处的“乌拉尔斯基”就是指布留赫尔将军,即加伦将军;电文中还提到“伯纳”,指的是共产国际代表罗明纳兹。在不到一周的时间里,莫斯科连续发送了两封密电严禁在华的苏联军事顾问参与中共武装暴动。与此同时,布留赫尔也给在华的苏联军事顾问们转达了这一命令。曾在张发奎部队中担任过军事顾问的В.Е.戈列夫回忆说,7月“27日在汉口接到电报……指示中说,我们不应与整个这件事发生任何关系”;也曾在华担任过军事顾问的瓦西列维奇也回忆说:“我记得,当加伦给我们布置任务时,他立即提出:不管怎样都要投入到暴动者方面去,第二天他又明确地提出任务:不参与暴动,暴动一开始就离开部队,从那里脱身。”曾担任叶挺将军的军事顾问的Е.В.捷斯连科后来也在《回忆叶挺》一文中叙述道,他本人是“在起义前五天于德安收到”布留赫尔发来的密电,“命令我们立即回国”。可是,罗明纳兹以及布留赫尔等人都曾参与过南昌起义的策动,究竟是什么原因促使莫斯科电令严禁在华苏联顾问参与南昌暴动呢?

这主要是因为当时不仅在中国国内,而且在国际社会掀起了新一波反共反苏浪潮。1927年4月6日,奉系张作霖派军警突袭了苏联驻北京大使馆,不仅搜查并劫掠了所有的贵重物品和各种文件资料,而且逮捕了当时正在大使馆里的60名中国人,其中包括李大钊等20名中共党员。据现场目击者亚?伊利尼奇娜事后回忆,李大钊及同时被捕的15名苏联工作人员当时在大使馆里就遭到了毒打。

事件的严重后果,还在于从大使馆里搜查出来的文件资料,被奉系军阀和帝国主义视为苏联政府暗地里鼓动和支持中国革命以及从事间谍活动的铁证。苏联政府一方面紧急照会中国当局,指责中国当局刊登到各大报纸上的所谓的从苏联驻北京大使馆里查抄出来的文件是其为了达到罪恶目的而精心伪造的,并要求中国当局立刻释放被捕苏联公民,毫不拖延地归还被查抄的所有文件资料和各种财物,另一方面指示苏联驻外使领馆赶紧“销毁所有可能会有损苏联国家和政府声誉及形象的文件”。

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