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“一二·九”运动一代:那些勇猛而忧伤的年轻人

2016-07-29 11:44:22   人民网

他们都老了,各自奔天涯

彭真在1949年纪念“一二·九”14周年时演讲道:“‘一二·九’的学生们好比一大把种籽,有的是生根结果了,也有一些人开了花没有结果,堕落了或者不知飘流到哪里去了。”

“开了花没有结果”的,自然是指那些中途告别革命的学生。其实他们在其他领域也结出硕果。如著名的“一二·九叛徒”徐高阮,1949年随傅斯年去台湾,任职于“中央研究院”,成为胡适得力助手;王永兴师从陈寅恪,后来成为著名隋唐史和敦煌学专家;1935年12月9日打响红楼课钟号召北大学生游行的王德昭,1947年赴台湾任教,后来成为香港中文大学历史系主任、文学院院长;清华中文系王瑶在“一二·九”之后入党,但不久又脱党,转向学术,成为文学史家,1952年院系大调整后他到北大中文系任教,培养了钱理群、陈平原等学生。

还有一些人,并非彻底告别革命,但始终徘徊于组织之外,最典型如赵俪生。“一二·九”后期,蒋南翔曾启发他申请入党。赵俪生考虑了几天,对蒋南翔说,列宁曾批评孟什维克马尔托夫,但在肃反时助他逃往西欧,感叹他是“多么精致的知识分子”。赵俪生觉得自己有点像马尔托夫,受不了严格的组织性和纪律性。“我愿意做一个全心全意的马克思主义的信仰者,同时是一个自由主义者。”从那以后蒋南翔就不再去找他了。赵俪生后半生在兰州大学执教,1958年划为右派,在农场劳改险些丧命。“文革”结束后,他培养了秦晖、金雁等著名学者。

更多的“一二·九”骨干成为职业革命家,有的付出年轻的生命。很多学生回忆,“一二·九”的骨干都是高才生,是用功的学生,因为不用功在同学中就没有威信。何炳棣虽与左派学生数次冲突,但他承认政治活跃的同学中确不乏真正干才,比如黄诚,“手笔快,口才好”。黄诚参加了新四军,在皖南事变中被害。

每个群体的革命之路都是坎坷的,但理想主义的“一二·九”一代尤甚。延安整风运动中,“一二·九”被说成“国民党的红旗政策”,大批从城市投奔延安的青年知识分子被打为“特务”,包括韦君宜的丈夫杨述。1943年审干结束,蒋南翔上书中央,说用搞运动的方式审干和歧视知识分子干部是错误的。结果蒋南翔被发配到东北做宣传工作,直到1985年中央组织部才明确他当时提的意见是正确的。1952年院系大调整后,蒋南翔回母校清华大学任校长,一心一意提高学校学术实力,为保证生源质量力阻工农兵大学生政策。当年的左翼学运领袖,被称为“老右倾”“老保守”,“文革”中被打倒。“一二·九”时清华女同学带头人孙兰(原名韦毓梅),后来成为上海市教育局局长,“文革”初期跳楼自杀。韦君宜在“文革”后知道她的死讯,写道:“我想起‘一二·九’运动,首先就想起了你。你的最后结局显然与当年的豪情壮志完全联系不上。”

1981年,韦君宜在杨述《一二·九漫语》的序言中写道:“什么人也都曾有过自己青春年少的时代,也曾‘常见男生追求女生,又看电影又滑冰’。而同时,它又告诉我们,年轻人如何自然而然地、英勇地走向斗争,抛开家庭,离开学校,舍弃生命……这老一代人究竟为什么这样坚执?这样受了无数的苦仍然踏实于共产党?……因为他们经历过这样的历史。”

一切缘自1935年那个义无反顾的冬天,韦君宜在延安遭遇“抢救”运动后,把最初的美好写在诗中:“那好比一个暖热飞腾的梦(可怜那个糊涂梦)/北方十二月雷霆/给我们/闪一条迸火花的路径/前门大街抢水龙/门头沟去宣传矿工/……忘不了的是年青朋友/忘不了生物馆里的雄歌/生活像泥河一样流。/……也不是不知道/平安岁月 锦片前程/眼前放着 想拿就行/可是老高(注:高承志)说的好:/‘我们/是自觉的/给我们的阶级挖坟。’/眼睛上能看清/锄头上使狠劲”。

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