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日本核档案:战后曾偷运核燃料 能造60枚核弹

2016-04-28 15:30:29   人民网

美国的核战略原则从来不承诺不首先使用核武器,也不承诺不对无核国家和地区使用核武器。根据美国的核战略,美国向日本提供的核保护不仅仅是“核防御能力”,而且包括“核攻击能力”。在日本的支持、配合下得以维系的美国在太平洋、包括日本本土和海域“前沿部署”的核力量,不但可以保卫日本,而且以此为基础,可以进而向亚洲地区进行核威慑、核攻击。

虽然战后日本历届政府都宣称坚持“无核三原则”,然而,事实却是日本在逐步走向核武装,日本早已成为全世界公认的“核门槛”外的潜在核大国。俄罗斯国防安全专家弗拉基米尔·比洛乌斯认为,日本在一年之内,就可以制造性能优良的核武器。日本军事评论家承认,日本在原料、技术和资金方面已经具备了开发核武器的条件。1994年,日本原子能委员会重新修订了1987年制定的《核能研究、开发与应用长期规划》,对核技术的研究开发提出了更明确的目标和要求。同年6月17日,当时的日本首相羽田孜在国会回答记者时说:“日本确实有能力拥有核武器。”

1999年7月19日,两艘装满核燃料的船只偷偷摸摸地从英国某港口向日本驶去。可是没有不透风的墙,不久就有消息传出说:这两艘船的核燃料足够造60枚核弹。世界舆论一片哗然,反应最强烈的莫过于在二战中饱受日本军国主义摧残的亚洲邻居。

日本是世界上惟一一个挨过原子弹轰炸的国家,广岛、长崎至今还留着昔日的“小男孩”和“胖子”两枚原子武器袭击的痕迹,日本也因此把自己列为二战的“受害者”之一。

然而这一悲惨的经历并没有在日本保守政治势力的深层意识里产生出彻底反省的因子。1955年3月,鸠山首相当时在回答外国记者关于日本被要求贮藏原子弹时怎么办的提问,竟毫不讳言地回答说,“如果肯定现在依靠武力维持和平是正当的话,那就不得不同意那样的要求了。”

日本积极开发核技术,于1954年开始研究原子能,核能工业中的核发电于1966年进入应用阶段。1972年建成第一艘核动力商船。截至1996年12月,日本从事原子能研究的单位达600多个,拥有51套原子能发电设备,正在建造和计划建造的核电设备还有近6套,其核电设备容量居世界第四位。从技术上看,日本已具有制造核武器的能力。据日本材料称,只要需要,日本可以在3至6个月内制造出核武器。日本铀矿资源贫乏,1995年储量仅为7000吨。日本所需的核物质主要依赖进口,也有部分来自核电站使用过的核燃料与衍生物的再处理。日本储有钚15吨。

据报道,1991年11月,日本又从欧洲运回30吨加工过的钚。若以这些钚中的一半用来制造核武器,每颗核弹需要按5至8.6公斤标准计算,约可制造2600至4500枚核弹。另据日刊透露,仅东海村核电站处理后的核材料,就能生产出200枚“北极星”型核弹头。日本的核武器发展潜力不容忽视。日本是当前世界上惟一拥有活动性浓缩铀及其再加工处理厂的国家,大量积累钚和其他可用于核武器的裂变材料是谋求核武器设计的重要标志之一。虽然它缺少核武器设计和生产的经历,但由于拥有先进的基础设施,积累了大量裂变材料,掌握了有关技术和知识,所以它能够在短期内迅速生产出核武器。日本国土狭小,无法在国内进行核爆炸试验,但这不足以构成它开发核武器的技术障碍。有关专家指出,日本的高科技特别是电子计算机技术发达,“即使不进行试验,运用高速超级计算机也可在三维空间对核爆炸的全过程进行模拟”。正像印度、巴基斯坦那样,在高度保密的情况下,进行核武器研制,一夜之间成了拥有核武器的国家。

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