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切尔诺贝利噩梦:爆炸后8小时苏联官方都没发警告

2016-04-26 14:53:45   

事故发生前的宁静

切尔诺贝利曾经是苏联人民的骄傲,被认为是世界上最安全、最可靠的核电站。

人们永远不会忘记灾难发生的那个夜晚。

1986年4月25日,一切如往常一样。

切尔诺贝利核电站位于乌克兰北部的森林区,是个漂亮、安宁的地方,这里有成片由白桦树、白杨树和松树构成的树林,森林里河流穿过,各种珍禽异兽在此居住。

切尔诺贝利核电站的周围地区原是一个低人口密度地带,直到开始建核电站时,这个地区的平均人口密度大约是每平方公里70人。

1986年年初,在距核电站30公里半径的区域内总人口已有大约10万人,其中4.5万人居住在距切尔诺贝利核电站3公里的安全区以西的普里皮亚特,主要是切尔诺贝利核电站的工作人员及其家属,有12500人居住在地区中心切尔诺贝利村,该村位于电站东南15公里处。

每年的四五月份,很多居民都会到森林中聚会、玩耍,在这里沐浴阳光。这里还建成了一所游乐园,原定于1986年5月1日首次开放,等待游人的到来。

4月26日,居住在普里皮亚特的居民正和往日一样享受着美丽的春日。

然而,在凌晨1时23分,这一切都改变了。

25日晚上,第4区的176名员工受命测试反应炉的自我供电系统。这套系统可以节省能源。

4月26日,凌晨1时23分,安全系统撤除,实验展开。但是,反应炉却发生了一连串爆炸。

据俄罗斯《共青团真理报》网站公布的一段录像,当时一架米-8直升机正在切尔诺贝利核电站的四号机组上空作业,飞机在空中盘旋,缓缓向作业区域接近。就在这时,只看到直升机尾部一沉,弯转扭曲,紧接着整个机身像泥一样瘫软,螺旋桨断裂碎片四处飞溅,短短几秒钟后,直升机便坠入火海。

施救与撤离大逃亡

切尔诺贝利爆炸引起了30多处着火,1时30分,核电站的值班消防队从普里皮亚特和切尔诺贝利城赶到事故现场。这些消防员暴露于致命的核辐射中,与火魔搏斗。

2时10分,汽轮机厂房屋顶的火被扑灭。由于汽轮机厂房屋顶的火势直接威胁到相邻的3号机组,必须及时将此处火扑灭,否则将引起更大火情。

2时30分,反应堆厂房顶部的火基本上被扑灭。经过4个小时的奋战,5时,大火被扑灭了。

但当晚,在救火过程中有两人死亡,接下来几个月有28人因核辐射丧命。他们是切尔诺贝利的第一批受害者。

4月26日的早上,天空云层已经被冲上高空一千公尺的放射性云柱所污染。

俄罗斯新闻社的摄影记者伊戈科斯汀是第一位目睹裂开洞口的记者。科斯汀是少数存活的最早到达事故现场的记者。那天早上,他乘着朋友驾驶的直升机来到切尔诺贝利。他说,当时看到第四区大楼已经毁了,稀薄透明的烟雾从烟囱里冒出来。他们靠近第四区,并在上空盘旋。他打开直升机窗户,并试图拍下照片。

"我打开窗户,什么都听不到。反应炉的废墟就在我下方,我觉得有如漂浮在失重的太空,仿佛身处墓地,现场一片死寂。我甚至再也听不见直升机的声音,现场空无一物,一片黑洞,像是个死寂的坟墓。"科斯汀说。

责任编辑:张海潮
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