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蒋介石机要秘书:台湾曾期待共产党来实现解放

2016-04-25 15:03:54   人民网

1950年元旦,蒋介石并没有在台北过新年。

已经覆亡的“中华民国”政府在年前12月7日就迁到台北,旧时的总督府插上了青天白日满地红的“国旗”,门上挂出“总统府”的牌子,却没有政府首脑。“有 国无君”(实际是“无国无君”)的局面,已经很长时间了。李宗仁“代总统”于12月5日绝望地飞去美国,到纽约割治十二指肠去了,去后即滞美不返。台湾实 际的最高统治者还是一年前已经下野的“老总统”、此时仅仅保留国民党总裁一职的蒋介石。

新年伊始,台北连个起码的大型茶话会都没有,一派朝不保夕的悲凉气氛。蒋介石正与长子蒋经国隐居在台湾中部日月潭的涵碧楼,寄情于山水之间,“兴叹英雄末路的悲怀”。

元旦这天,蒋介石去了一趟教堂。

做完祈祷后,他回到寓所,筹思应付对即将来临形势的对策。

过去一年政局的变化几乎是每个中国人都事先料想不到的急遽。早在1948年元旦,国防部一个重要官员曾经在迎新酒席上大放厥词:抗战胜利一年半之后,士兵 的信心全部打垮;胜利两年之后,连统帅部的信心都打垮了。事后蒋介石听说此言,发过大脾气,认为是没有志气的背时话。那时候,就是他本人也不认为此言有多 少准确性,形势就这么糟糕。然而,过去的1949年更是惨不忍睹:1月10日,徐蚌会战结束,国民党56个师55万大军在淮海大地灰飞烟灭。21日,他本 人不得不宣布辞去总统下野,回到浙江老家奉化慈溪。

自从副总统李宗仁代理总统之后,南京政府的军事、政治形势稳定了三个月。但由于拒签国共和谈协议,随后局势急剧恶化。4月20日,解放军启动渡江作战,5 月27日,上海失守,东南、中原各地犹如决堤的洪水,被“共军”席卷。从1927年就与蒋介石成为政治敌手的毛泽东,经过22年的艰苦作战,终于成为胜利 者,10月1日,在北京举行开国大典,宣布成立中华人民共和国,组成中央人民政府;始建于1912年的中华民国就此在大陆成为历史,多个国家不再视其为代 表中国人民的合法主权政府。12月8日,“中华民国”行政院长阎锡山决定将“中央政府”迁离大陆。从此,台北成为国民党继广州、重庆后的第三个临时首都。 蒋介石不得不再次出来拯危,从广州到重庆,从重庆到成都,最后还是一切成空。12月10日,在俞济时、黄少谷、周宏涛等一批亲侍簇拥下,蒋氏父子于凤凰山 机场注视着满山解放军的逼近而黯然飞离成都,驻守台北。

后来,被解放军活捉的国民党四川省主席王陵基是这样以现场亲历者回忆蒋介石等人最后离开大陆的那一幕仓皇场景和随行人员的恐惧之色:

10日清晨,我刚准备睡一下,俞济时突然派人把向我借的丝棉被子等送还给我。他从重庆匆忙逃往成都时,连行李都没有来得及收拾,到成都后才向我借了一套。 我一看这情况,知道蒋介石马上就要逃走了。我想他总得对我有一个交待,不能这样一声不响就走,便顾不得整夜没有休息,连忙赶往军校。我的车子刚到军校门 口,劈面就看到蒋介石等一群人的汽车鱼贯而出。他们看到我的车子停在旁边,也没有打招呼,直向大街疾驰而去。我便叫司机抄小路绕过文殊院先出北门赶到凤凰 山机场。在机场,我看到蒋的座机和侍从机停在那里,连一个警戒兵都没有。本来机场是由保安团守卫,盛文接任城防后,另派有部队,但盛比蒋逃得更快,所以机 场连一个兵都没有了。我下车只看到特务头子毛人凤一个人立在飞机下。我走过去和他打招呼,他脸色立即变得非常难看,表现出特别惊慌,好像生怕我会扣留他 们。我一看他那副神气,也不愿和他攀谈,便一人等在那里。一会蒋等的汽车驶到,蒋介石下了汽车看到我也不打招呼,急急忙忙窜上了飞机。我看他先和驾驶员在 谈话,我想一定是在问能否起飞。这时胡宗南也来了。蒋站在飞机门口向四面张望,看到没有什么动静,才装出镇定的样子叫我上飞机去,只简单地向我说了一句 话:“你以后与胡宗南去联系。”我也只回答了一个“是”。因为已经到这种地步,彼此还有什么话可说呢。我刚一走下飞机,蒋介石的座机便立即起飞逃走了。

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