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黄金荣:昔日大亨沦落街头扫大街

2016-04-21 13:56:23   人民网

黄金荣在上海街头扫地

国民党统治崩溃后,杜月笙等人纷纷离开上海前往香港。临走前,他再次劝黄金荣一起到香港去,说共产党胜利了决不会放过他。但黄金荣明白,自己已是80多岁的人了,死在香港倒也不要紧,只怕在半路上生急病,死在途中,那就糟糕了。所以,他打算留在上海。

早在解放上海之前,共产党方面就考虑对黄金荣做工作,以利用他在帮会中的势力稳定上海局势。因此,共产党方面通过杨虎(黄金荣的把兄弟)向他传递信息,规劝他不要跟国民党逃跑。黄金荣日后对程锡文等亲信说:“杨虎讲,共产党的领袖知道我,可以既往不咎,并且写了字条,给杨虎转交我,我可以在解放后交给上海的负责人,不会捉我。”虽然嘴上这样说,但黄金荣根据几十年和政界人物打交道的经验,知道这些话仅是口头上说说而已,究竟如何,他心里没底。正在犹豫不决时,章士钊夫人带来了中国共产党的口信:只要拥护共产党,不再和人民为敌,我们一定按“既往不咎”的政策办事,希望黄金荣留在上海,不要听信谣言和轻举妄动。这番话坚定了黄金荣不走的信心。

留在上海的黄金荣做了以下几件事作为送给共产党的礼物:不参与国民党覆没前的大搜捕和大屠杀,掩护一些地下党员,支持他们接管上海;将国民党的一些物资财产造表记录交给地下党;命令门生搜集帮会头目的情报,最后将四百名帮会头目名单交出,便于共产党做这些人的工作。另外,他叫门徒把黄家花园“四教厅”内蒋介石亲笔题写的“文行忠信”的匾额摘下砸毁,以示弃暗投明,改邪归正之意。

上海解放初期,黄金荣蛰居在家,深居简出,不问外事,也过了一段安逸日子。然而之后政府出台的一系列法令,却使黄金荣的生活发生了质的变化。1951年初镇压反革命运动开始后,黄金荣的日子开始难过起来,市民甚至自发涌到黄宅门口,要求他接受批斗。在严峻的形势面前,迫不得已的黄金荣于5月20日在上海的《新闻报》、《文汇报》刊出了《黄金荣自白书》,他在“自白书”中,自称“自首改过”、“将功赎罪”、“请求政府和人民饶恕”。

黄金荣的“忏悔”在当时轰动一时,但《自白书》的发表并没有使他得到安定。在人人都要劳动的社会,黄金荣的生活也必须要有改变。政府派人向黄金荣说:在身体条件可能的情况下,希望早晨到“大世界”门口去扫扫马路。得到这一训令,黄金荣当然是极其不满的,但世道已经变了,他无可奈何,只得提着扫帚出现在大世界的门口,出现在众多记者的相机面前。当黄金荣在大世界门口扫大街的照片刊登在上海各主要大报后,立即传遍了全国,杜月笙在香港看了这张报纸感慨万千,庆幸自己没有留在上海。

虽然这项象征性的“改造”措施并没有持续下去,但到1953年时,上海市政府决定对黄金荣的残余势力再行打击。由于心理恐惧,黄金荣病倒了。在弥留之际他将养子黄源涛喊到家中口传了遗嘱,最后感叹道:“我的一生,都风扫落叶去了,惟有留下这个‘大世界’。不过,断气瞑目后,‘大世界’不可能再属于我的了。”几天之后,黄金荣便突然高烧不止,闭上了眼睛,时年86岁。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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