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731部队滥用细菌武器祸及本国兵 上千人被毒杀

2016-04-20 14:48:50   新华网

731暴行(资料图)

日本是第二次世界大战中唯一大规模使用细菌武器的国家。近年来发掘的史料证明,日军不仅在中国战场上大规模使用化学细菌武器,而且在其他战场上也曾秘密使用过细菌武器。其中在1939年与苏军的诺门坎之战中,日军偷偷使用细菌武器,却造成大批日军非战斗减员,1300多名士兵死亡,堪称自食恶果。

1939年5月,日本为实现入侵苏联的北进计划,向位于中蒙边境海拉尔以南200公里的诺门坎地区的苏蒙联军发动大规模进攻。此次战役,交战双方动用了数十万部队和飞机、坦克等先进装备,进行了一场长达4个多月激烈的交锋。

战争初期,日军向诺门坎地区调集了180架飞机、90多辆坦克、13个步兵大队共1.5万兵力,向驻守诺门坎地区的蒙军骑六师发起猛攻,蒙军不敌,驻蒙古的苏军第57军当即派兵支援。随后,苏联迅速调集优势兵力兵器,在名将朱可夫的指挥下发起反击,迅速夺回被日军占领的阵地。仅5月27日至30日,苏军就歼灭日军1个骑兵联队和2个步兵大队。

为挽回不利战局,日军大本营卑鄙地决定在随后的作战中秘密使用细菌武器。1939年6月初,日本关东军司令官植田谦吉大将紧急召见关东军医务队长娓琢隆二少将、兽医处长高桥隆笃大佐、“731部队”训练部长西俊英大佐等人在关东军司令部开会,秘密商讨使用细菌武器对付苏军的相关事宜。之后,植田谦吉下达指令,命令由石井四郎中将主管的“关东军防疫给水部”(即后来臭名昭著的“731部队”)和“第100”细菌部队紧急“开赴诺门坎参战”。

7月13日,由“731部队”细菌专家和骨干22人组成“玉碎部队”,携带装有细菌的容器,秘密潜入苏军防守地区,在苏军一侧的几条河流里施放了炭疽、伤寒、霍乱、鼠疫等烈性传染病菌溶液22.5公斤。

然而,就在日军紧锣密鼓地进行细菌战准备的同时,苏军情报部门也对日军的行动有所察觉。通过苏军和共产国际远东情报组织的大量谍报工作,苏军很快掌握了日军准备在诺门坎实施细菌战的绝密情报。苏军司令部向部队下发了细菌战防护命令,部队也进行了相关的教育和防护演练。针对日军准备在河水中投放细菌战剂的计划,苏军专门从后方铺设了数条输水管线,保障部队饮水安全。

由于日本当时还未解决细菌武器的一些技术问题,加之苏蒙联军各项防护措施得当,在整个战役中并没有因日军的细菌战造成大的伤亡,反而是日军部队遭受了大量非战斗减员。原来,日军高层为了保守细菌战的秘密,防止苏联报复和国际社会的谴责,竟不向参战部队下发任何防护训令,参战的日军中高级军官都不知道日军会在此次作战中使用细菌武器。

开战后,日军核心高层和细菌专家一心想得到苏蒙军遭受细菌战损失的情报,但细菌战的战果却迟迟没有到来,反而接二连三地接到了己方部队受到细菌感染的报告,一些日军部队因为喝了当地的河水而成建制地丧失战斗力。此时,日军高层官僚和所谓的细菌战专家才意识到他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚,慌忙向部队下达不准饮用当地河水的命令,还把细菌战的屎盆子扣到苏军头上。

然而日军的防护命令对不少部队来说已成了马后炮。在苏蒙联军的猛烈打击下,不少溃败的日军部队并没有接到不准饮用战区河水的命令,一些逃命的士兵在极度干渴饥饿的情况下见到河流,立即捧起河水一顿痛饮,结果立刻成了细菌战的牺牲品。

残忍的日军高层为防止细菌战的秘密被这些士兵泄露,进而引起国际社会的谴责和苏联的报复,竟下令将所有感染细菌的伤病员集中起来,命令日军宪兵部队对其进行“秘密处理”,最后毁尸灭迹。

据战后日本关东军军医部的数据统计,日军前线部队有1300多人因感染细菌死亡。为掩人耳目,日军将这些细菌战的牺牲品称为“病因不明的死亡”。作为报复,日军将大批在诺门坎之战中被俘的苏蒙联军士兵送进细菌战部队进行人体试验,制造了一幕幕人间惨剧。

二战结束后,苏联将远东战役被俘的关东军司令官山田乙三、医务队长娓琢隆二、兽医处长高桥隆笃、“731部队”训练部长西俊英等12名细菌战犯送交远东军事法庭予以起诉,追究其在诺门坎进行细菌战的罪行。“731”魔头石井四郎战后逃回日本,投靠美军情报部门,以提供细菌战资料为条件,换取美军对其免于起诉,逃避了历史的惩罚。而日寇细菌战的其他战犯和日本在中国其他地区犯下的细菌战罪行,至今也未得到清算。(新民晚报 魏峰)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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