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国共合作黄金期 阎锡山曾欲与中共共建根据地

2016-04-13 09:45:30   综合

阎锡山(资料图)

1937年7月抗日战争全面爆发后,国共两党再度合作。尽管蒋介石“对共产党关系没有进到真诚合作的程度”(毛泽东语),但国民党晋绥地区的老牌统 治者阎锡山却认识到,只有借助八路军的力量,一同“守土抗战”,才可挽救山西危局。于是,在山西抗日前线,一度出现双方相互尊重,携手战斗的良好局面。

周恩来阎锡山共商抗日大计

1937年8月20日,国民政府国防最高会议决定,将全国划分为五个战区,任命阎锡山为第二战区司令长官。第二战区所辖兵力共30个师另3个独立旅,包括晋绥军和八路军全部,中央军一部。

1937年8月底,毛泽东连续给在西安准备赴南京与国民党谈判的周恩来发电报,要其改赴山西会晤阎锡山,商量八路军入晋后的活动事项。阎锡山表示全力支持。9月7日,周恩来、彭德怀、徐向前赶赴太和岭口行营指挥部。

周恩来等与阎锡山在友好的气氛中,就八路军进入山西后的活动地区、作战原则等问题进行会谈。双方商定,八路军进入山西后以太行山脉及太行山北端为根据地,进行独立自主的游击运动战;国民政府给八路军补充的物品,二战区兵站帮助运输。

提议在五台山共同建立根据地

9 月16日,阎锡山在太和岭口召见彭雪枫,请彭将他的提议密报毛泽东和朱德、彭德怀。他说,将来万一“不利形势到来时,以八路军会合晋绥一个集团军在五台山 脉周围建立根据地。五台山纵横二百里,周围六百里,共二十六个口子,民众二十余万,配合晋绥及八路军其他部分定可与敌周旋,那时则请中央军守太原及太行山 脉,我们则以主力位于五台山”。9月23日,毛泽东复电彭雪枫,表示“我是完全同意的”。9月16日,阎锡山与彭雪枫还谈到今后对八路军的指挥问题。他表 示拟采用两个原则:一是“事先互相商议”,二是“临时将计划部署通知八路军,由八路军自行酌量行动”。

阎锡山还将晋绥军若干部队交由八路军 指挥。1937年9月28日,朱德、彭德怀电告贺龙:“敌约千人进至马邑,阎电驻朔县守军由贺(龙)指挥,共同消灭该敌。”10月1日,朱德、彭德怀电告 林彪、聂荣臻,“阎以(所辖)第六十三师及章旅(第三十三军独立旅)另某团共十个团,交十八集团军(即八路军)指挥,守五台地区”。

另外,阎锡山与周恩来在1937年9月7日达成的协议中,本来规定八路军“不干涉县政”,但9月25日,朱德、彭德怀向毛泽东报告:“阎锡山面许我军驻区群众由我独立负责,不好之县长允更换,组织之游击队允予发枪。我工作之区域可实行减租减息。”

延安开大会悼念阵亡将士

八路军亦对阎锡山以诚相待。毛泽东曾特别指示在太原的周恩来,“在山西……不参加任何倒阎阴谋”。在双方相互尊重的局面下,1937年 10月上旬至11月2日举行的忻口会战,成为台儿庄大战前国共两党配合作战最为成功的一个战例。在20多天的防御作战中,中国军队毙伤日军2万余人,自己 伤亡约10万人,阵亡中将军长一人,少将师、旅长三人。1938年3月12日,延安各界隆重举行纪念孙中山逝世十三周年和追悼抗敌阵亡将士大会。毛泽东在 讲话中列举的12位“光荣地壮烈地牺牲了”的“崇高伟大的模范”中,有4位是在忻口会战中英勇殉国的国民党将军。

然而,这一黄金阶段很快被国民党的反共政策终止。1939年12月初,阎锡山配合蒋介石的第一次反共高潮,发动了旨在消灭“山西牺牲救国同盟会”和“山西青年抗敌决死队”的“十二月事变”(晋西事变),标志其联共抗日路线终结。(摘编自《党史博览》《党史文苑》)

责任编辑:汤鹏霏 CM015
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