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中国军队元帅威名 使满屋日军立刻缴械

2016-04-12 16:06:14   刘继兴

  开国元帅徐向前善于带兵,特别是能在短期内将素质较差的地方部队整训成劲旅。红军时期,他到鄂豫皖后仅用两年多的时间,便把300多人的农民武装带成有4万人的红四方面军。

  1931年11月,徐向前出任中国工农红军第四方面军总指挥,时年30岁。在国共两军的黄埔学生中,徐向前是第一个当上方面军军事主官的。国民党军队中的黄埔生任职最高的也就是胡宗南,当时不过是第一师师长,陈赓当时是师长,林彪不过是军团长。同时期,国共两军的方面军和战区一级指挥员中,也就数他最年轻。

  徐向前指挥的红四方面军,是战斗力最强悍、战绩最辉煌的红军,先后开创了全国三大苏区中的鄂豫皖和川陕两大苏区,为中国革命做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

  当时,全国红军的歼敌总数为60余万人,而徐向前指挥的红四方面军,其歼敌数就有近40万人,占红军歼敌总数的60% 。

  抗战初期,徐向前被任命为八路军129师副师长。1938年,徐向前刚在冀南平原搞出一片大好局面,就被抽调到当时最复杂、最乱的山东去当第一纵队司令员。但徐向前竟然又创造了奇迹,短短一年之间,便使山东局面大为改观,根据地和军队的数量迅猛发展。

  担任八路军第一纵队司令员时期,徐向前是八路军中指挥的部队人数最多,地位最高的相当于方面军一级的军事主官(同时指挥山东、苏北、淮北各路共军,包括山东纵队和115师)。

  1945年8月15日,日本天皇裕仁广播《终战诏书》宣布无条件投降。9月2日,日本天皇、政府及日本大本营代表在投降书上签字。但直到1949年,还有1.5万日军在中国的土地上作战,枪口对准人民解放军,为阎锡山效劳。

  阎锡山也深知他的这种做法是违背中华民族利益和波茨坦公告精神的。为了欺骗舆论,他将日军武器上的特别标志“菊花”去掉,打上“晋”字钢印,又将日军出操时架枪的情况拍成照片送报国民党政府。蒋介石对阎锡山这种行径不仅不加以追究,反授以“受降模范者”的称号。

  日军向阎锡山投降后,组成了所谓的暂编第十总队,总队长为日本人晋树德。大批日军高级军官则作为顾问、教官参与晋军的训练和指挥。这些人中有不少臭名昭著的战犯,亲手策划刺杀张作霖的日本关东军高级参谋河本大作就是其中之一。

  这些军国主义分子,仍旧住着公馆,坐着小车,享受着优厚待遇。残留日军在主体总队之外,还组建了由日军军官任总司令、总教官及部队骨干的机甲队。

  数百日本官佐被派往阎锡山军事组织担任教官,对部队进行日式训练。在晋军中,有的日本军官甚至当上了旅团长。日本军人唱着“将士的红领章,恰似万朵樱花

元帅威名使满屋日军立刻缴械

  开”的日本军歌,在汾孝战役、晋中战役、太原战役等作战中,顽抗中国人民解放军,屠杀和残害中国人民。

  1947年6月,归顺阎锡山的日军正式编为陆军暂编独立第十总队。总队部设在太原市新民正北街原侵华日军第一军司令部,办公处称“复兴楼”,从总队长今村方策到各团骨干力量,基本是日本人。1948年3月的临汾战役后,晋军主力面临被解放军一举歼灭的危险。阎锡山迫不得已要求第十总队的日军直接参战,并任命日军原驻长治旅团长元泉馨直接担任其晋中野战军副总司令。

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