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揭秘抗日暗战:以日本人为主的“中共谍报团”

2016-03-31 14:44:00   中国网

抗日战争中,中国共产党除了在公开战场对敌交战,还在隐蔽战线进行了激烈交锋。在这条战线上,以日本人为主的“中共谍报团”发挥了重要作用。

一批日籍人士同中国革命力量的关系建立于1930年前后。此前两年,日本马克思主义学者尾崎秀实到上海担任《朝日新闻》常驻特派员,不久与鲁迅、宋庆龄以及美国进步女作家史沫特莱在共同理念的基础上成了朋友,这为进行反法西斯侦察工作奠定了基础。

在上海虹口区的日租界内,日本设立了一所东亚同文书院,目的是培养一批侵华文化特务,战时几度组阁担任首相的近卫文麿就曾兼任过这个学院的院长。留日归来的著名政治经济学家、中共地下党员王学文此时在院内任教,他发现有些日本青年对国内军阀、财阀有反感情绪,便向他们传授马克思列宁主义,使这些人认识到军阀侵华的罪恶,并秘密介绍他们加入了中国共青团。

经过王学文牵线,中西功、西里龙夫等10余名青年同尾崎秀实建立了密切关系,并把这个日本革命记者当成导师。这批人后来成为向共产国际和中国共产党提供重要情报的谍报人员,其中有几人还成为日本共产党的中央委员,这充分显示出政治信仰在地下工作中具有的巨大威力。

战争开始后,近卫文麿两度组阁,将被日本政界称为“支那通”的尾崎秀实调到身边担任秘书,重要文件都交由他保管。尾崎秀实就将其中的内容秘密传给德国籍苏联情报员佐尔格,有关中国的一些内容也发给中共中央。日本发动全面侵华战争后,军部急需情报分析人员。经尾崎秀实介绍,中西功被研究中国情报的最大特务机构“满铁总社调查部”录用,不久又被派到上海任分部负责人。西里龙夫则被派到南京担任随军记者,接着又到派遣军司令部担任情报分析员。中西功的另外两位同志也被介绍到中国。

中西功把侵华日军各方面情报搜集汇总起来,再接收尾崎秀实从日本发来的对中国战场决策的情报。因此,日军在中国战场想采取什么重大行动,延安预先获取了不少情报。

1941年6月,法西斯德国对苏联发起进攻,不久兵临莫斯科城下。如果日本北上攻苏,中国的抗战处境将更加艰苦,世界有可能进入黑暗时代。关键时刻,在首相身边的尾崎秀实得知日本决心同英美开战,通过佐尔格迅速发电,使斯大林决心西调远东军20个精锐师,在莫斯科危急时刻扭转了战局。

1941年到1942年间,由于缺乏严格管理等原因,佐尔格、尾崎秀实、中西功、西里龙夫等相继被捕。受审时,中西功不否认自己的真实身份,并阐述自己做法的合理性。由于本身就是日本的情报人员,掌握大量事实数据,在审讯时无可辩驳地说明了侵略战争持久的前景必然是经济崩溃和彻底战败。

在特高课监狱中,西里龙夫被审讯者尊称为“教授”,他以雄辩的口才把审讯室当成讲堂,受审时竟出现授课式的场面——被审者进入审讯室坐下便清清嗓子说:“今天,讲一下世界共产主义运动对日本的影响及未来……”审问者则像小学生一样洗耳恭听,并认真记下“听课笔记”。

后来,还出现了这样令日本法庭尴尬的场面。集体庭审时,中西功和西里龙夫等人侃侃而谈,论证反对侵略战争的正义性,警视厅官员和看守们都愣着听讲,主审法官急忙窘迫地打断讲话:“此处不是宣传共产主义的讲坛,今天闭庭……”

1944年11月,日本法庭下令将佐尔格和尾崎秀实处以绞刑,对中西功、西里龙夫等人判处死刑。幸运的是,中西功、西里龙夫在狱中笔耕不息,撰写《中国共产党史》,特高课感到资料对工作有参考价值,将死刑推迟执行让他们继续写作。

1945年8月15日,正当日本特高课认为中西功等人已无保留价值而准备处决时,突然听到广播中日本接受投降诏书的消息。根据盟国的要求,战争结束后日本当局必须释放全部政治犯,中西功和西里龙夫几个幸存者终于出狱。

据中西功的夫人中西芳子回忆,1973年中西功患病弥留之际,最后怀念的仍是在上海的斗争岁月,他断断续续地说:“我真想去看看!……看看那些街道,那些胜利的人们……他们有了自己的共和国……”在他东京墓园的墓志铭上写着:“为全世界人类的解放事业,献出了最后一滴血!”

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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