军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China

俄罗斯土耳其有过长达15年的蜜月期:曾一同反美

2016-03-15 13:52:46   参考消息

由于战略方面利害冲突较少,两国经济关系繁荣发展。到2008年,俄罗斯已成为土耳其最大贸易伙伴。能源是其经济 关系中最重要组成部分。2009年,烃类能源稀缺的土耳其从俄罗斯进口该国超过40%的石油(尽管这一数字此后下降)。俄罗斯仍为土耳其提供约57%的天 然气。经济关系延伸至核能、建筑业、旅游业和其他领域。

帮助俄罗斯和土耳其修好就是让两国疏远西方,让普京和埃尔多安之间的关系更加融洽。 两国均反对美国牵头入侵伊拉克。与此同时,对俄罗斯来说,北约再次扩张以及格鲁吉亚和乌克兰发生所谓颜色革命让各方再次担心,西方将寻求遏制俄罗斯影响 力。对土耳其而言,毫无成效的入欧谈判,以及加入希腊塞浦路斯联盟(但拒绝接受一项联合国支持的和平计划)令安卡拉更加失望。两国寻求将自身定位为西方和 德黑兰在伊朗核问题上的斡旋者,安卡拉甚至对俄罗斯2008年入侵格鲁吉亚持较为宽容立场。

地缘冲突再起

但尽管如此,俄罗斯和土耳其达成谅解所基于的地缘政治基础颇为浅薄,而随着地区冲突扩散,这种基础过去几年来一次次动摇。在土耳其击落俄罗斯飞机前,安卡拉 和莫斯科就寻求将其在叙利亚问题上产生的分歧搁置一旁,在其他方面继续合作。但乌克兰高加索地区和中东危机等让两国陷入龃龉,这削减了安卡拉安全范围,并 影响到两国关系,而击落飞机只是让上述问题进入公众视野。

首先,俄罗斯吞并克里米亚从本质上改变了环黑海地区势力平衡。甚至在扩张其在叙利亚军事足迹之际,莫斯科还在加强其在该半岛周边的海军和反介入/区域阻绝能力。土耳其现在面临可能被俄罗斯海军包围的境况。

此外,纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫接触线沿线以及亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆边界地区日益升级的暴力活动有将俄罗斯和土耳其卷入一场代理人冲突的风险。莫斯科为让巴库脱离其因能源因素而与土耳其和欧盟达成联盟的努力未有成效。

还 有,叙利亚已变为一场代理人冲突,安拉卡不仅寻求叙利亚总统巴沙尔被废黜,还支持莫斯科认为是恐怖分子的叛乱组织。俄罗斯(和伊朗一道)为叙利亚政权提供 大力支持,包括让巴沙尔近数周来东山再起的直接军事干预,这让日内瓦国际和谈化为泡影。但这场战争对土耳其来说是一场灾难。有超过250万难民逃至该国, 与库尔德工人党有关的民主联盟党就在土耳其边界建立了一个库尔德控制区,即便安卡拉与库尔德武装在土耳其境内战事再起。

安拉卡试图遏制危 机,但莫斯科恰恰利用这一危机煽动针对土耳其的民族主义情绪,同时对土耳其实施可能使其损失本年度GDP大约0.5%的制裁。俄罗斯军队还增加针对土耳其 在叙利亚代理人空袭,并加大支持民主联盟党。俄罗斯清楚,土耳其因难民危机、与“伊斯兰国”有关的恐怖袭击和与库尔德工人党战事再起正在经受巨大压力,并 寻求将优势地位坚持到底。

像此前一样,土耳其将俄罗斯势力扩张视为对本国以及地区势力平衡的威胁。作为回应,土耳其别无选择,只能尝试与西方修好。在俄罗斯飞机被击落后,安卡拉立即要求北约磋商。近日,土耳其与欧盟达成协议,为前者提供金融援助,并提出恢复讨论其入盟事宜, 土耳其也提出在阻止难民涌入欧洲方面搭把手。

由于地缘政治环境极为有利,过去15年俄土两国修好才成为可能。一个较为软 弱而更加注重国内事务的俄罗斯对土耳其利益构不成多大威胁。与此同时,土耳其正在试图摆脱西方,将俄罗斯视为有益的合作伙伴。在此情况下,安卡拉和莫斯科 认识到,在贸易、能源甚至地区外交方面合作都是较为容易的。

但在过去几年,传统地缘政治卷土重来。现在有趣的是,俄罗斯和土耳其的利益在高 加索、黑海和中东问题上愈加出现分歧。克里米亚脱乌入俄使土耳其北部面临的威胁骤然升级,而叙利亚战事和库尔德冲突已打破其东部边界。俄罗斯和土耳其的关 系再次取决于争夺地区霸主地位的行动。(编译/王宾)

上一页2/2下一页
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160315/21968231_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/10/07 01:30:24

Powered by China
China