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“旋风部队”:杜聿明眼中最难对付的中共军队

2016-03-09 16:33:49   中国共产党新闻网

曾任解放军第四十军首任军长韩先楚(左)、政委罗舜初(右)

编者按:《湘潮》发表文章《第四十集团军:“旋风部队”》,文中记述中国人民解放军第四十集团军“旋风部队”的称谓的由来。第四十集团军的前身为东北野战军(此前为东北民主联军)第三纵队。这支部队因英勇善战、战术精湛,在战斗中被国民党高级将领杜聿明视为最难对付的一支部队,被他称为“旋风部队”。现对该文摘编如下:

“旋风部队”的称谓始于1946年的东北战场,是由国民党军最先叫出来的,指中国人民解放军第四十集团军的前身——东北野战军(此前为东北民主联军)第三纵队。

最早的说法出自国民党军东北保安司令长官杜聿明。杜聿明“调离”东北,离职时说过一句话:“在这里,最难对付的是韩先楚的‘旋风部队’。”

后来,国民党军参谋总长陈诚出任东北行营主任。陈诚到东北后,调兵遣将,排兵布阵,声称“六个月内消灭东北的共军”。韩先楚指挥的第三纵队,和兄弟部队一道,围法库,打彰武,活捉了国民党军新编第五军军长陈林达。陈诚离职时,在日记中写道:“韩先楚是很难对付的‘旋风司令’,不知道什么时候会出现他的部队。”

再后来,卫立煌接替陈诚经略东北战场,也曾指挥部队与三纵交手,他说这支部队“动作之快,如同旋风般”。再到后来,东北的国民党军第四绥靖区司令长官兼新编第六军军长廖耀湘,被第三纵队俘虏后,当面对韩先楚说:“韩先生,三纵……解放军的‘旋风部队’就是阁下指挥的,领教了,领教了!”韩先楚却不以为然,说:“什么‘旋风部队’?还不是你们嚷嚷出来的。”这也应该是战场上的对手第一次当韩先楚的面称呼其率领的第三纵队为“旋风部队”。

1942年8月,以八路军山东纵队机关为主,组建了鲁中军区,辖第一、第二、第三军分区和军区直属团。1945年8月,鲁中军区主力部队改编为山东军区第三、第四师和警备第一、第二、第三、第四旅。1945年11月至12月间,为执行中共中央关于向东北发展,并争取控制东北的战略部署,鲁中军区所属山东解放军第三师、山东军区警备第三旅先后进至辽宁辽阳 、鞍山地区 。

东北野战军第三纵队是由抗日战争时期八路军鲁中军区和冀热辽军区部分武装力量发展起来的。1946年1月,根据中共中央东北局的决定,由山东军区第三师、山东军区警备第三旅和先期进入辽宁沈阳、本溪地区的原冀热辽军区第十六军分区的第二十一、第二十三旅等部合编为东北民主联军第三纵队。程世才为司令员,罗舜初为政治委员。下辖第七、第八、第九旅,共2.6万余人。

第三纵队先后参加了辽阳、本溪地区作战、四平保卫战、四保临江作战等战役战斗。1946年冬,国民党军趁我军在南满落脚未稳之际,企图将我军赶进长白山高寒山区冻死、饿死、困死,而后进犯北满。东北民主联军第三纵队与友邻部队一道,在敌强我弱、力量悬殊的情况下,绝地求胜,采取内外线密切配合的方针,在临江、通化地区浴血奋战,连续击退国民党军3个主力师的4次猖狂进攻,粉碎了敌人“南攻北守,先南后北”的企图,一举扭转了南满和整个东北战局,改变了南满和东北敌我力量对比,使我军由战略防御转为战略进攻,为发动辽沈战役奠定了坚实的基础。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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