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长沙大捷震撼世界:罗斯福总统称盟军胜利全赖此

2016-03-07 16:49:36   光明网

元旦过后,日军攻势趋于猛烈,长沙形势吃紧,薛岳身边不少参谋人士均劝薛岳将指挥所搬至后防安全地带均被薛岳拒绝,薛岳坚持将指挥所设置在长沙城边的岳麓山就近督战,同时薛岳发布遗嘱电报“如战区司令长官殉职,则以副司令长官罗卓英代行其责”并严令第十军“固守长沙,不得退缩”。担任守城主力的预10师师长方先觉也给妻子准备好遗书,誓与长沙共存亡。1月2日,日军凭借强大的火力优势继续向长沙市区发动猛攻,中国守军按计划退守第二线阵地,其中以修械所一带的战斗最为激烈,日军是一支用“武士道精神”武装思想的部队,官兵训练有素、纪律严明,军事素质过硬,战斗意志坚强,对国民革命军阵地发起了以营为单位的集团式冲锋,将28团固守的冬瓜山阵地攻占,下午,第29团发起反攻,将阵地收复。原本位于第三线防御阵地的第30团主动出击支援二线友军发起了对日军的突袭。当日,第十军部队协同在白沙岭地区歼灭突入长沙市区的日军加藤大队并击毙大队长。国民革命军士兵从该名大队长身上搜得获得重要机密文件,大意为:“日军弹药匮乏,补给告急”,薛岳获得该情报后,兴奋地说:“有此情报,胜过千军万马”,于是薛岳根据战前部署和敌我双方态势开始部署后续对日军的围歼计划。

战争结果及影响

此次战役,中国方面战报:国民革命军伤亡28,116人,毙伤日军56,994人,俘虏139人另夺得大量物资,被认为是抗战以来正面战场军事上的重大胜利;日本方面战报:日军阵亡1591人,负伤4412人,击毙国民革命军28612人,俘虏国民革命军1065人,日方认为此役本属配合香港方向作战,然而损失却远远多于香港作战。另外由于此次战役恰逢日军偷袭珍珠港,盟军在太平洋战场节节败退,中华民国军队却在长沙取得了对日军作战的胜利,因而引起了当时世界媒体的广泛关注, 美国总统罗斯福称:“盟军的胜利,全赖华军长沙大捷”,英国媒体也用“在此远东阴云密布之际,唯有长沙上空之云彩确切、光辉夺目”的标题进行报道。

历史点评:第三次长沙会战,沉重地打击了日本帝国主义的嚣张气焰,鼓舞了中国人民抗战胜利的信心,提高了中国在世界反法西斯阵营的地位和影响。蒋介石曾称赞道:“此次长沙胜利,实为七七以来最确实而得意之作。”

专家解读三次长沙会战:薛岳为何将战场摆在长沙?

薛岳指挥的三次长沙保卫战,之所以把战场摆在长沙,是因为第九战区司令长官薛岳通晓地理。一直研究长沙地方史的专家陈先枢认为。

他说,薛岳的个性刚愎且坚毅,在用兵上,十分注重谋略。薛岳的记忆力惊人,在作战之前,必定关门闭户,凝神静气,贯注精神在地图上,因此,对于战场的一山一水,一丘一陵,他都了如指掌。每当战役开始,一旦他认定的事情,极少改变,看到机会,他就会以极大决心,命令部属冲锋陷阵,不惜决战牺牲。

就地理而言,长沙地区西临湘江,南高北低,尤其在长沙城北的东面和北面,浏阳河、捞刀河,像个口袋,袋口摆在长沙南面,北面是袋底。如果能将敌军赶到浏阳河、捞刀河谷,作为决战地,则可以聚而歼之。

当然,“口袋阵”是看多了演义小说的市民的俗称。薛岳在第三次长沙会战中,总结前两次保卫战的经验教训,所设定的阵法,是更具科学性的“天炉阵”。

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