军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China

广场协议引发日本衰退?远比标签复杂的真相

2016-03-02 16:51:24   

长期以来,舆论界有种流行的说法,把“广场协议”认为是日本经济自上世纪80年代末以来结束高速增长状态,陷入二十多年停滞局面的罪魁祸首。因此,当今年G20峰会在上海召开之时,一则会议将效仿当年西方五国在纽约广场饭店签署“广场协议”,逼迫中国签订类似协议的传言,引起各界关注。那么所谓“广场协议”真有这么大威力吗?既然是“广场协议”导致日本经济的长期停滞,那么当初日本政府又为何会签署这一协议呢?

诞生于冷战关键时刻

所谓“广场协议”,是指1985年9月22日,美国、英国、法国、日本以及西德的财政部长和中央银行行长,在美国纽约的广场饭店举行的一次关于如何解决西方主要国家间贸易和债务矛盾问题的高层会议后,所达成的会议决定。全称是《法国、西德、英国、日本及美国财政部长和中央银行总裁的声明》。在协议中,各国财长和中央银行行长一致同意:各国应对外汇市场作出干预,调整外汇汇率,利用汇率调节贸易失衡问题。其中日元和马克对美元的汇率应大幅升值,以平衡美国在对外贸易中的巨额赤字,同时各国还要共同进行协调干预,在外汇市场抛售美元,买进本国货币,以更加迅速地促使美元贬值。

自上世纪70年代以来,由于石油价格的大幅上涨,美国能源及工业产品的制造和消耗成本急剧增加,由此引发美国国内的恶性通货膨胀。为了抑制通货膨胀,美国联邦储备委员会采取通货紧缩政策,不断提高国债利率。这一政策虽然减缓了通货膨胀的增长势头,却吸引大量的国际资本买入美元债券,导致美元价格飙升,使得美国的出口贸易受到严重影响。另一方面由于日本和西欧经济崛起,向美国大量出口商品,进一步恶化了美国的出口形势。

此时的美国和西方世界,正处于对苏联冷战的关键时刻,美国承担了最大的压力。经济上出现这样的局面,显然对冷战的整体形势不利。因此,设法改变这一局面,维护西方阵营的整体利益,也就成了顺理成章的事。

最先提出日元升值想法的是日本人自己

广场协议并非完全是日本在美国的压力下签署的。事实上,最先提出日元升值这一想法的反倒是日本人自己。1982年,时任日本首相中曾根康弘的私人顾问向其提交了一份报告。报告认为:日本当前对外贸易的顺差过大,对长期发展不利。因此日本政府应与美国联合提高日元利率,并加以稳定,以改善日本经济结构,促进产业升级,否则极有可能招来贸易报复。这是日本方面最早形成的日元升值构想。此后几年中,日本大藏省一些官员也陆续对此表示赞同。

1985年6月,西方10国财长会议在东京召开。会前,日本大藏省官员向到会的美国财政部副部长提出单独会谈的要求,并指明希望就两国政府联合干预汇率这一问题进行重点交流。这一会谈要求得到美方的积极回应。

1985年,美国政坛即将面临中期选举,民主党大肆宣扬美国的贸易逆差问题,以此打击选民对执政党共和党的信心,同时,参众两院的民主党人也动作频频,1985年4月,美国参议院全票通过将日本列入“不公正贸易国”名单。如果不在该问题上做出实质性措施,共和党很可能在选战中败北。权衡之后,刚上任的美国财政部长——共和党人詹姆斯·贝克决定对美元汇率作出调整,以期挽回选战中的颓势。在6月的西方10国财长会议结束后,贝克立即与时任的日本大藏大臣竹下登举行秘密会谈。双方很快就联合干预市场这一设想达成一致,但在具体的干预手段和干预目标上却出现较大分歧。

上一页1/2下一页
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160302/21655164.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/07 06:49:10

Powered by China
China