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批列宁又说共产主义:普京干啥

2016-01-27 15:43:55   中华网论坛

1月21日普京批了列宁,我们在文章《原创丨普京莫名批列宁,葫芦里卖得什么药?》中进行了解析。普京的批评自然引发了俄共的反弹,并对普京提出了明确批评,称普京完全错了。作为回应,1月25日普京再次做了两个表态:一是进一步批评列宁,并做了澄清;二是表示自己曾是苏共一员,曾是克格勃,并表示至今仍非常喜欢共产主义、社会主义思想。他甚至拿共产主义的典籍与圣经相比。二是普京进一步批评列宁,称正是已故领导人列宁按民族划分行政区和自治共和国的方式给国家埋下了“定时炸弹”。

普京的进一步批评列宁和向共产主义左派示好表明两点:

一、如占豪之前文章《普京莫名批列宁,葫芦里卖得什么药?》所分析推测,普京的确是借批评列宁的一些政策以推动内部政治的改革,特别是有加强中央集权和“削藩”的意思,因为现在俄罗斯还有22个自治共和国,这对俄罗斯来说的确是定时炸弹,一旦俄罗斯继续衰落,那么这22个自治共和国中的个别共和国就可能寻求独立,就像1990年代的车臣共和国一样。

二、在俄罗斯当前面对巨大外部压力的情况下,普京不想树敌,所以还是在态度上做了缓和,即自己非常喜欢社会主义和共产主义的表态就是为了安慰俄共,避免内部的政治纷争。

由此我们也可以看出,普京批列宁是有备而来的,是要为后面推动自己的内部政治改革做铺垫的,这是为了达到其当下的政治改革目的而释放的一种政治语言。当然,如果我们历史地看列宁关于加盟共和国和自治共和国的国策问题,可能就会有不同的答案。

首先,我们知道,列宁领导的革命推翻的是沙皇俄国,沙俄是在短期内快速实现膨胀的,这必然缺少民族融合,所以无论是过去的苏联还是现在的俄罗斯,都是世界上民族最多的国家,且民族基本都聚集在自己的原住区域。苏联刚刚推翻沙特组建政府时,根本没有能力也不可能在短期内实现民族融合,更何况当时苏联外部威胁也很大,在这种时候需要快速实现团结以赶快进行工业建设,如果不采取加盟共和国、自治共和国、自治区等方式,根本就不可能将偌大个国家快速整合起来。所以,在国家形式上,列宁选择了加盟共和国这种方式来组建了中央政权,同时各加盟共和国又保留了自治共和国、自治州、州等辖区结构。因此,客观地说,列宁当时的选择是在当时条件下最有效组建一个庞大苏联的方式,别的方式根本无法完成。

为了避免加盟共和国的权力过于分散,列宁是通过进行思想引导和控制来实现力量凝聚的。继承了列宁思想的斯大林后来采取的方式就通过思想、政党和计划经济等方式来实现国家力量凝聚。

所以,客观地说,列宁的思想不可谓不牛,想想看如果没有列宁的思想,哪里能将沙皇俄国快速变成一个强大工业国家——苏联?但是,苏联的问题就在于,最终斯大林主义实际上是另一种的帝国霸权主义,内外都采取高压方式。最终,穷兵黩武、权贵腐败、思想混乱等因素葬送了苏联,导致苏联解体。

很显然,如果历史地看,普京那一耙子打向列宁是不够客观的,但既然是政治语言,就必须有针对性并能起到轰动效果,所以普京就选择了“炮轰”列宁。这种方式,其实和当年打倒“孔老二”的运动是同构的,就是要打破那个象征,然后再进行辩证吸收,这也是为什么普京说关于列宁遗体是否埋葬问题上要谨慎的原因。从根上说,普京是希望借批评列宁达到政治效果,并不想真正引发内部政治矛盾甚至政治内讧。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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