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美国至今想不通为何战败上甘岭

2015-12-17 16:57:28   解放军报

坚守上甘岭阵地的某部近战歼敌 资料图片

“上甘岭”上的奇迹

整个上甘岭战役中,天上没有出现过一架我们的飞机;我们的坦克也没有参战的记录;我们的火炮最多的时候,也不过是敌方的四分之一,美军总共发射了一百九十多万发炮弹,五千多枚航弹,我们只有四十多万发炮弹,而且全是后期才用上的。

数百万发炮弹蹂躏着这两个区区3.8平方公里的小山头,这两个在范弗里特的作战计划里第一天就该攻下来的小山头,用自己的粉身碎骨验证了人类的勇敢精神。

此役之后,我方再没遭遇到美方营以上规模的进攻,朝鲜战局从此稳定在了三十八度纬线上。这一战奠定了朝鲜的南疆北界。

朝鲜民主主义人民共和国一九八六年出版的五百万分之一的地图上,找不到海拔1061.7米的五圣山,却标出了上甘岭。

原本是二等部队的十五军四十五师,这一战几乎全军覆没,但是她从此昂首跨入了中国人民解放军一等主力的行列,因为她的战绩是——上甘岭。

一九六一年三月,中央军委从全军中抽出三支主力——第一军、第十五军、第三十八军,交由空军司令员刘亚楼挑选其中之一,改建为中国第一支空降兵军。

这位上将选择了十五军,理由是:“十五军是个能打仗的部队,他们在上甘岭打出了国威,不仅在中国,而且在全世界都知道有个十五军。”

从此美国人将中国视为世界上最强大的国家之一——西方人的标准是:要想成为强国,你必须击败过另一个强国的军队。

历史已经记不得那一万多位在战火中浴血的战士的姓名了,他们的身躯已经和朝鲜半岛的五圣山糅合在了一起。

我们没有足够的大炮,甚至于没有足够的反坦克手雷,当时前沿阵地上的战士们唯一希望的是多给配点手雷,因为这个东西“一炸一片”,炸碉堡也比手榴弹威力大多了。可是,黄继光手里仍然只有一颗手雷,因为我们造不出来,我们没有那么多钱去进口。美国人可以动用B一29去轰炸一辆自行车,而我们的反坦克手雷只能留给敌人的坦克,用来炸碉堡就算是很奢侈了。当年的美国随军记者贝文·亚历山大写道:“中国部队进攻时,通常主要依靠轻兵器、机枪和手榴弹。只有对付最有利的目标时,才肯动用迫击炮。”

这就是我们可爱的战士——他们没有任何奢求,决不会因为没有空中支援放弃进攻,决不会埋怨炮兵火力不够,决不会怪罪没有足够的给养,只要一息尚存,他们就绝不放弃自己的阵地……他们甚至可以在长津湖华氏零下二十度的气温里整夜埋伏,身上仅仅只穿着单衣;他们可以在烈火中一动不动;他们中的每个人都随时准备着拎起爆破筒和敌人同归于尽……

三点八平方公里的狭小面积,一日之内落弹三十余万发;一万余人,要对抗七万多敌人;前沿阵地上,经常是以伤残严重的连对抗敌军齐装满员的团,几乎没有炮火支援,弹药常常补充不上;一桶水、一箱弹药、一个苹果常常要牺牲好几条人命还不一定送得上去,在这种情况下取得的胜利,可以说是一个奇迹。美国人不是输给了地利。他们忘记了拿破仑一百余年前讲过的话:“中国是一头睡着了的狮子。”(摘自《被历史忽略的历史》杨文 裴小敏 主编 河南文艺出版社2008年版)

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