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徐向前指挥的响堂铺伏击战:一战歼灭鬼子400多人

2014-10-22 15:13:27   人民网

当敌车队的先头一辆车进到小河底,最后一辆车也进入伏击区时,徐向前及时发出了攻击命令,两个团同时突然向敌开火。步枪、机枪、迫击炮顷刻间一齐开火,暴雨般地洒向敌车队。毫无戒备的日军被这突如其来的猛烈打击打得懵头转向,惊慌失措,汽车在山沟里像没头苍蝇一样乱冲乱撞,整个行军队形失去控制,混乱不堪。有的敌人在汽车上还来不及把迫击炮、机关枪架起来,就被火力消灭了。有的敌人躲到汽车底下妄图顽抗,立即被我火力压制得抬不起头了。战士们根据汽车存在的弱点,首先集中火力先打汽车轮胎,打掉它的"腿",叫它们跑不动,瘫痪在路上,以此把道路的两头先堵死。尔后又以火力、手榴弹射击和爆炸汽车油箱,以致起火烧汽车,使敌人无法利用车体做掩护负隅顽抗,同时也可以借"火势"向敌人攻击。再次,由于战斗突然发起后,整个行军编队被汽车的瘫痪和起火分隔成数段,使敌人无法协调和支援。伴随的护卫队分散乘载汽车,也被分割成数段,不易集中兵力火力,也不便指挥和配合,更难以形成有效的抵抗。战斗中,部分敌人分成几股向南山脚下逃窜,大部分被我预伏部队的机枪、手榴弹压回到大道上消灭得干干净净。

就在敌人受到火力突袭,伤亡较大,毫无还手之力之时,徐向前果断抓住战机,一声令下:向残敌发起冲击。埋伏了一夜的八路军战士,犹如猛虎下山一样冲入敌阵,以手榴弹、刺刀、梭镖和大刀片消灭了那些负隅顽抗的敌人。经两个多小时的激战,我共毙伤日军森木少佐以下400多名。180多辆汽车东倒西歪,满目狼藉,全部被摧毁。日军第十四师团山田辎重队两个汽车中队遇到了毁灭性的打击,其嚣张气焰消失殆尽。就在战斗紧张激烈进行时,黎城及东阳关敌步骑兵400余人,附炮2门,向马家拐实施增援,企图解响堂铺被伏敌人之围,但当敌人接近响堂铺之前,就被我预先设伏的第七七二团击溃,退至长碾及东阳关以北的高地两个要点,利用已筑成的坚固阵地及长城旧堡顽强抵抗,两要点均被我军夺取,敌人退入东阳关坚固房屋坚守。

随后,黎城敌人又出动200余人,携炮4门,会合退守东阳关的敌人在飞机10余架的掩护下,连续向第七七二团发动攻击,并曾两度向我冲击,两次均被击退,敌退守东阳关,再也不敢出城增援,仅以炮兵向我阵地乱轰。同时,涉县的敌军400余人,乘汽车倾巢出援,也被第七六九团在椿树岭以东阻击打退。结果敌人的汽车全部被毁,几次增援也全部被打退。车辆燃烧的火焰浓烟遮天蔽日,直冲云霄,敌人的死尸东倒西歪,满沟遍野。

下午5时,日军出动了10多架飞机,对响堂铺地区实施了近2个小时的狂轰滥炸。但此时,徐向前已率领部队转移到了秋树垣一带。由此,取得了响堂铺伏击战的彻底胜利。这次战斗,我共缴获迫击炮4门,重机枪2挺,轻机枪10挺,长短枪130多支,弹药万余发。此次伏击战,正如战后徐向前向八路军总部报告的那样:

(一)敌森本及山田两汽车队及另一部共汽车180辆,每辆有押车兵5人,被我截击于响堂铺东西段,由8时30分接战,至10时30分,战斗全部解决。

(二)嗣敌由城黎增援600余人,附骑、炮兵,占领长凝附近高地,与第七七二团接战。涉县增援400余人,与第七六九团接战于椿树岭、河头村。14时,敌由东飞来重轰炸机12架助战,至18时,长凝之敌被我击退至东阳关两公里处,椿树岭之敌被我击退于河南店。黄昏后我撤至马家峪,莱家山、马家拐、小曲峻、佛堂沟地域,待机伏击或袭击向北活动之敌。

响堂铺伏击战的胜利,其规模同徐向前在鄂豫皖、川陕根据地指挥的诸多战役是不能相比的。但是,这在抗日战争初期的游击战中,可以算是一个不小的胜利了。这一胜利,是坚决执行毛泽东关于"分兵以发动群众,集中以应付敌人"和"基本的是游击战,但不放松有利条件下的运动战"的战略方针,在由国内革命战争时期的正规战向抗日游击战争转变中,取得的重大胜利。这一胜利,从战略上讲,不仅沉重地打击了日军的嚣张气焰和狂妄野心,也使我党我军在群众中威信更加提高,给开辟晋东抗日根据地增强了信心,而且也策应了晋西和晋西北的作战,牵制了大量敌人,有力地配合了黄河两岸的防御作战,对开辟晋东南根据地有着重要意义。从战术指挥上讲,可贵的是在战场情况发生突变的紧急关头,特别是在侧后突然出现不明情况,怀疑是敌人侧后包围时,徐向前能沉着作出正确判断,而未放弃这次战斗的有利战机,对顺利实现这次伏击作战意图,起到了至关重要的作用。战后,当徐向前见到刘伯承时,刘伯承向徐向前道贺说:"向前还是当年之勇,沉着果断!"

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