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甲午谍报战让日本占尽先机:埋葬北洋水师的帮凶

2014-03-28 13:35:46   新华社-参考消息

1894年夏季,日军派间谍宗方小太郎潜入烟台、威海,侦察北洋水师的动向。宗方小太郎化装成农民模样前往威海,在汉奸的帮助下四处搜寻情报,甚至登上了小船,到刘公岛暗地了解水师的布防情况。甲午战争爆发后不久,清军获得日军进攻山东半岛时携带的一张地图,上面村、路、炮台、营房、山、河、井、树都画得十分清楚、详细,一目了然。

在甲午战争中,日本间谍使用各种手段,源源不断地将北洋海军的作战消息传回国内,使日军在第一时间提前做好准备,充分赢得了战争的主动权。而北洋海军兵未动,行先露,直接导致在具体的作战行动中陷入被动。

三、情报战全面落败教训深刻

时间已经过去两个甲子,甲午战争的硝烟虽早已散去,但它留给后人的启示仍然很多,对于今天为实现民族复兴梦想而奋斗的国人来讲,总结历史教训,鉴往知来就显得更为重要。

启示一:提高警惕,防间保密毫不放松。

甲午战争前后,日本在华间谍侦知了大量情报,这固然是因为日本间谍不择手段,但也与清政府保密意识淡薄、没有采取有效的防范措施有关。甲午战争期间,当“高升”号运兵船停在塘沽码头时,码头区竟然没有进行警戒,一般闲人都可以自由来往,甚至竟有日本人“来往不绝,凡我船开行,彼即细为查探,非但常在码头逡巡,竟有下船在旁手持铅笔、洋簿,将所载物件逐一记数,竟无委员、巡丁驱逐”。李鸿章赴日谈判时,因日方破译了中方的电报密码,李与北京往返的密电内容及中方割地赔款的底线,全部为日方所了解,因而整个和谈的进程都在日方掌控之下。

虽然和平与发展是当今时代的主题,但是针对我国的情报搜集工作一点也不比以前少,我们必须保持高度的警惕,毫不放松地做好防间保密工作,时刻牢记保密无小事,保密就是保胜利。

启示二:未雨绸缪,加大力度研究对手。

甲午战争中,由于日本间谍事先了解到北洋海军行动部署,日军预作安排,突然袭击,这是北洋海军作战失利的一个重要原因。而清政府在情报搜集方面却全面被动,战争爆发前,清政府片面相信列强调停,害怕战争的到来,一味消极避战;对日本政府势在必得的侵略野心、咄咄逼人的侵略行径没有全面深入的认识;对日军的侵略行动没有做到事先详细周密的了解。

当前,日本国内右翼势力抬头,否定侵略历史,如果继续发展下去,很可能将再一次成为战争的策源地。对此,我们必须未雨绸缪,加大对对方国内形势的研究,作好准确的预判,提前进行准备。

启示三:把握大势,做好信息搜集统计。

在信息社会迅猛发展的今天,各国普遍重视信息搜集工作,一些西方大国为了达到自己的目的,甚至不惜侵犯个人隐私,把窥探的触角伸向全世界。有备才能无患,为了维护世界和平,保卫祖国和人民生命财产安全,我们应该高度重视信息的搜集与统计,在法律允许的范围内,全力做好信息搜集统计工作,为国家决策提供依据。(作者为海军潜艇学院政治教研室主任)

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