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西方首次演示城市量子通信 或用于全球量子通信系统

2017-10-12 18:48:25   王佳雯 中国科学报

研究结果显示,卡里米及其领导的研究小组所测试的方法可以让传递信息所需的光子数量减少50%。

在测试中,卡里米及其团队成功地在渥太华大学两栋相隔300米的建筑物之间发出了包含两个比特信息的光子。

卡里米说,使用高维编码还能提高安全性,让量子通信渠道更能对抗来自天气或其他外部影响因素的“噪音”。

卡里米说:“在一维量子通信中,如果噪音达到(信号的)11%,通信渠道就不再安全。不过,如果是四维的量子通信,这一极限值会提高到19%。”

研究人员现在打算尝试在最远达5.6公里的距离内发送和接收高维量子加密信息,以便能够让这一技术应用到城市环境中。不过,还存在一些需要克服的重大挑战。

而在量子卫星领域,中国所取得的成就,远远超越西方

卡里米说:“最大的难题是光在大气中传播时遇到的扰动。我们在试验中发送了一个光子,因此这的确是非常困难的。你需要以某种角度来发送这个光子,然后使用一种配备精密电子设备的望远镜。”

研究人员使用了意大利那不勒斯“费代里科二世”大学的科学家研发的设备,这种设备过去曾在实验室内接受过测试。出于测试的需要,研究人员搭建了顶棚,以防设备受到天气的影响。

研究人员说,该技术有朝一日或可成为全球量子通信系统的一部分,该系统将包括地面网络及卫星。


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