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外媒批奥巴马坐视巴沙尔攻城略地:或危害西方利益

2016-12-20 08:33:48   

如果在阿勒颇陷落后特朗普履行他做出的与巴沙尔的军事庇护者俄罗斯合作的承诺,那么失望的温和派叛军就有可能向一些对西方利益构成潜在威胁的武装派别倾斜。

随着巴沙尔本人从阿勒颇的废墟转向维护他对一个分裂的叙利亚的统治权,他不得不应对暂时丧失部分国土和仍需镇压零星地区强硬抵抗的情况。

叙利亚内战已经造成约40万人丧生,1100多万人无家可归,许多人逃到邻国或者冒着危险、长途跋涉前往欧洲。

不作为的代价

叛军占领的阿勒颇东部即将陷落——和美国逐渐显露的无力感,这些情况表明奥巴马做了什么和没做什么都将成为历史评判奥巴马的标准。

奥巴马在2011年开始要求巴沙尔下台。但他从未向温和的反叛组织提供足够的火力来推翻巴沙尔或者迫使其坐到谈判桌前。他未能实施威胁性的空袭来强制执行他在2012年对巴沙尔使用违禁化学武器划定的“红线”,这让美国的声望遭受重创。

就在最近的10月,奥巴马还拒绝他的国家安全团队提出的对巴沙尔采取更强硬措施的建议。他反而优先考虑利用美国领导的空袭行动和得到较少量美国特种兵支持的当地盟友来打击“伊斯兰国”。

这一战略坚持奥巴马2014年在西点军校的演讲中列出的处方。他明确表示,只在他认为美国利益受到威胁的时候才会对外国冲突实施干预。

这导致数千美军重返伊拉克支持伊拉克政府军打击“伊斯兰国”。

但在叙利亚,虽然向难民提供了数十亿美元的援助,但奥巴马的战略未能平息那里的人道主义危机。一些人认为这是自二战结束以来最严重的一场人道主义危机。

奥巴马最近在专访中说,叙利亚的严峻形势“一直困扰者我”——不过他坚称,即便再次选择,他的做法也不会有多大改变。

前美国驻伊拉克和土耳其大使詹姆斯·杰弗里说,奥巴马的规避风险的战略不仅使巴沙尔得以恣意攻击反对派,而且为俄罗斯和伊朗扩大在中东的影响力敞开了大门。

不过前美国中东事务高级情报分析师保罗·皮勒说,奥巴马在叙利亚退缩是对的,因为那里不是投入美国的声望和资源来更迭政权的地方。

一名叙利亚反对派领导人曾对《华尔街日报》说“历史永远不会原谅奥巴马对叙利亚人民作了什么”。白宫发言人欧内斯特在被问及此事时说,历史学家可以结束对奥巴马的叙利亚政策的争辩了。

一些白宫助手私下里承认,叙利亚(和其他陷于混乱的阿拉伯国家,比如利比亚和也门)有可能在奥巴马的遗留成果上留下污点。但他们希望他的记录将在其他领域得到提升,包括在其任内签署了具有里程碑意义的伊核协议、与古巴和缅甸恢复外交关系、打死“基地”组织领导人本·拉丹和没有让美国领土遭受“9·11”式的恐怖袭击。

罗伯特·福特在2014年因政策分歧辞去美驻叙利亚大使的职务,目前在中东研究所任职。他说:“我个人觉得悲哀的是,在我们认为已经从萨拉热窝、斯雷布雷尼察和卢旺达这样的地方获得经验教训后,实际上非常清楚这届政府真的不在乎。”这反映了华盛顿对阿勒颇杀戮的深深不安。

12月12日,在叙利亚阿勒颇,民众庆祝叙利亚政府军的胜利。

责任编辑:谢辉 CM026
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