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IS渗透阿富汗势不可挡 已成中亚安全最大威胁

2016-11-08 08:27:49   

二是阿富汗国内乱局便于“伊斯兰国”渗透。近年来,阿富汗局势进一步恶化,塔利班和美国各自重新布局调整,阿富汗和谈进程已名存实亡,阿富汗未来走向充满不确定性,且阿经济持续恶化,民怨升温。长期的混乱,使得中央政府权威和管理缺失,地方割据和军阀混战丛生,加之极端伊斯兰主义思想根基深厚,这种局面为恐怖主义势力生存和发展提供了有利的环境。因此,“伊斯兰国”认为有可能也有必要在阿富汗争取“一席之地”,并和“基地组织”抢夺全球“圣战”的领导权。

三是动荡不安的阿富汗适合“伊斯兰国”招兵买马。近两年来,“伊斯兰国”在伊拉克和叙利亚损兵折将、元气大伤,为补充兵源,该组织竭力利用阿富汗塔利班的分裂招兵买马。此外,阿富汗自古以来就是多民族聚集地,地势险要,民风彪悍,“伊斯兰国”的恐怖理念和招募政策吸引了众多不同民族的武装分子以及平民加入。如“伊斯兰国”许诺为倒戈的塔利班指挥官提供每月500~600美元的奖励,普通战士可获得200美元。

在阿富汗北部省份和中亚各国参与反政府活动的“乌伊运”成员以及大量因战乱流离失所、难以维持生计的阿富汗平民也纷纷投靠“伊斯兰国”。如今,阿富汗“伊斯兰国”极端组织中担任领导者和骨干的大多为普什图人,该组织正在阿富汗大力招募车臣人、塔吉克斯坦人、哈萨克斯坦人和乌兹别克斯坦人。

四是渗透阿富汗可以增加“财政”来源。除扩充地盘和力量外,“伊斯兰国”在阿富汗还有着重大的经济考量。因为受到俄军和联军的打击,“伊斯兰国”在伊拉克和叙利亚的大量石油设施被毁,收入锐减,入不敷出。在阿富汗的“伊斯兰国”分支机构集中的主要省份(巴达赫尚省、楠格哈尔省、赫尔曼德省)集中了阿富汗几乎90%的鸦片种植以及加工产业,对“伊斯兰国”的吸引力可想而知。“伊斯兰国”成员感兴趣的还有土库曼斯坦的气田以及哈萨克斯坦南部边界的里海地区。在和扑向土库曼斯坦天然气的“伊斯兰国”武装人员的冲突中,土库曼斯坦边境士兵已经死了近百人。

中亚乃至世界安全形势不容乐观

“伊斯兰国”在阿富汗的渗透对阿富汗的内部局势、中亚地区安全以及大国的地缘政治竞争都带来一定影响。

首先,将使阿富汗的国内安全局势雪上加霜。美军撤出阿富汗之后,在打击恐怖极端组织行动中,外国力量参与水平降低以及北约部队空中支持规模的缩减,使阿富汗政府军的损失大幅增加。另一方面,阿富汗执法机构以及警方在保护国家免受极端势力的影响方面能力有限。所以,在阿富汗多股力量混战的情况经常发生,导致阿富汗国内安全形势进一步恶化。

其次,“伊斯兰国”渗透阿富汗也将持续影响中亚安全形势。中亚国家大部分居民极度贫困并对宗教狂热,使得中亚国家成为“乌伊运”“伊斯兰国”等一些宗教极端组织的活动目标地。2016年2月2日,与塔吉克斯坦接壤的阿富汗昆都士省伊玛目·萨西普县地方当局称,约200名外国恐怖分子聚集在与塔吉克斯坦交界的边境处,其中大约40人是塔吉克族。地方当局称,外国恐怖分子的存在不仅威胁阿富汗,也威胁到其他邻国。

最后,持续恐袭扰乱世界安全秩序。透过“伊斯兰国”渗透阿富汗的行动可以看出,IS实际上控制了一定范围的领土,拥有很强的军事实力,它的安全威胁程度不可小觑。从众多的IS恐袭事件中可以看到,“伊斯兰国”并不是散兵作战,它具备很强的军事实力、组织体系和一套令人生畏的军事战略。正如美国国务院助理国务卿布雷特·麦格科所言:“伊斯兰国”比基地组织更糟糕,它不再是一个恐怖组织,而是全面成熟的军队。

责任编辑:谢辉 CM026
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